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. 2018 Jan 16;319(3):279–290. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.20513

Table 2. Association Between Bariatric Surgery and Mortality.

Laparoscopic Banding Gastric Bypass Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Total
Surgical Patients
(n = 3635)
Nonsurgical Patients
(n = 10 905)
Surgical Patients
(n = 1388)
Nonsurgical Patients
(n = 4164)
Surgical Patients
(n = 3362)
Nonsurgical Patients
(n = 10 086)
Surgical Patients
(n = 8385)
Nonsurgical Patients
(n = 25 155)
Follow-up, median (IQR), y 6.2 (4.3-8.5)a 5.7 (3.7-8.2)a 5.5 (3.0-6.7)a 4.8 (2.6-6.6)a 3.2 (2.2-4.1)a 3.0 (2.0-4.0)a 4.3 (2.8-6.6)a 4.0 (2.6-6.2)a
Total deaths, No. (%) 61 (1.7)a 338 (3.1)a 18 (1.3)a 116 (2.8)a 26 (0.8)a 129 (1.3)a 105 (1.3)a 583 (2.3)a
Mortality/1000 person-years (95% CI) 2.6 (2.0-3.4) 5.3 (4.7-5.8) 2.6 (1.6-4.2) 6.0 (5.0-7.2) 2.4 (1.6-3.6) 4.2 (3.5-5.0) 2.6 (2.1-3.1) 5.1 (4.7-5.5)
Mortality rate difference/1000 person-years, mean (95% CI) [Reference] 2.6 (1.7-3.5) [Reference] 3.4 (1.7- 5.0) [Reference] 1.8 (0.6-3.0) [Reference] 2.51 (1.86-3.15)
Nonsurgical patients vs surgical, hazard ratio (95% CI) for mortality
Unadjusted 1 [Reference] 2.00 (1.52-2.63) 1 [Reference] 2.29 (1.39-3.76) 1 [Reference] 1.66 (1.09-2.54) 1 [Reference] 1.97 (1.59-2.42)
Adjusted, before multiple imputationb,c 1 [Reference] 2.13 (1.47-3.09) 1 [Reference] 2.46 (1.43-4.24) 1 [Reference] 1.59 (1.00-2.53) 1 [Reference] 2.03 (1.58-2.61)
Adjusted, after multiple imputationc 1 [Reference] 2.01 (1.50-2.69) 1 [Reference] 2.65 (1.55-4.52) 1 [Reference] 1.60 (1.02-2.51) 1 [Reference] 2.02 (1.63-2.52)
a

Indicates a significant P value of <.05.

b

5060 patients with missing values were eliminated, leaving 28 480 patients in the model (number of events = 557).

c

Variables included: all-cause mortality (y/n) (dependent variable); age introduced as continuous variable (years); SES introduced as dummy variable: (low-reference group, medium, high); population sector (Jewish, non-Jewish), immigrant status (immigrated to Israel/born in Israel); diagnosis of hyperlipidemia (y/n); diagnosis of hypertension (y/n); diagnosis of CVD (y/n); smoking status introduced as an ordinal variable (nonsmoker, former, current); BMI introduced as continuous variable; total cholesterol level introduced as continuous variable (mg/dL); HDL cholesterol level and triglycerides introduced as the log transformed of the continuous level. No collinearity between variables was observed (max VIF <2.1).