Table 2. Association Between Bariatric Surgery and Mortality.
Laparoscopic Banding | Gastric Bypass | Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy | Total | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Surgical Patients (n = 3635) |
Nonsurgical Patients (n = 10 905) |
Surgical Patients (n = 1388) |
Nonsurgical Patients (n = 4164) |
Surgical Patients (n = 3362) |
Nonsurgical Patients (n = 10 086) |
Surgical Patients (n = 8385) |
Nonsurgical Patients (n = 25 155) |
|
Follow-up, median (IQR), y | 6.2 (4.3-8.5)a | 5.7 (3.7-8.2)a | 5.5 (3.0-6.7)a | 4.8 (2.6-6.6)a | 3.2 (2.2-4.1)a | 3.0 (2.0-4.0)a | 4.3 (2.8-6.6)a | 4.0 (2.6-6.2)a |
Total deaths, No. (%) | 61 (1.7)a | 338 (3.1)a | 18 (1.3)a | 116 (2.8)a | 26 (0.8)a | 129 (1.3)a | 105 (1.3)a | 583 (2.3)a |
Mortality/1000 person-years (95% CI) | 2.6 (2.0-3.4) | 5.3 (4.7-5.8) | 2.6 (1.6-4.2) | 6.0 (5.0-7.2) | 2.4 (1.6-3.6) | 4.2 (3.5-5.0) | 2.6 (2.1-3.1) | 5.1 (4.7-5.5) |
Mortality rate difference/1000 person-years, mean (95% CI) | [Reference] | 2.6 (1.7-3.5) | [Reference] | 3.4 (1.7- 5.0) | [Reference] | 1.8 (0.6-3.0) | [Reference] | 2.51 (1.86-3.15) |
Nonsurgical patients vs surgical, hazard ratio (95% CI) for mortality | ||||||||
Unadjusted | 1 [Reference] | 2.00 (1.52-2.63) | 1 [Reference] | 2.29 (1.39-3.76) | 1 [Reference] | 1.66 (1.09-2.54) | 1 [Reference] | 1.97 (1.59-2.42) |
Adjusted, before multiple imputationb,c | 1 [Reference] | 2.13 (1.47-3.09) | 1 [Reference] | 2.46 (1.43-4.24) | 1 [Reference] | 1.59 (1.00-2.53) | 1 [Reference] | 2.03 (1.58-2.61) |
Adjusted, after multiple imputationc | 1 [Reference] | 2.01 (1.50-2.69) | 1 [Reference] | 2.65 (1.55-4.52) | 1 [Reference] | 1.60 (1.02-2.51) | 1 [Reference] | 2.02 (1.63-2.52) |
Indicates a significant P value of <.05.
5060 patients with missing values were eliminated, leaving 28 480 patients in the model (number of events = 557).
Variables included: all-cause mortality (y/n) (dependent variable); age introduced as continuous variable (years); SES introduced as dummy variable: (low-reference group, medium, high); population sector (Jewish, non-Jewish), immigrant status (immigrated to Israel/born in Israel); diagnosis of hyperlipidemia (y/n); diagnosis of hypertension (y/n); diagnosis of CVD (y/n); smoking status introduced as an ordinal variable (nonsmoker, former, current); BMI introduced as continuous variable; total cholesterol level introduced as continuous variable (mg/dL); HDL cholesterol level and triglycerides introduced as the log transformed of the continuous level. No collinearity between variables was observed (max VIF <2.1).