. 2018 Jan 16;319(3):279–290. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.20513

Table 2. Association Between Bariatric Surgery and Mortality.

	Laparoscopic Banding		Gastric Bypass		Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy		Total
	Surgical Patients (n = 3635)	Nonsurgical Patients (n = 10 905)	Surgical Patients (n = 1388)	Nonsurgical Patients (n = 4164)	Surgical Patients (n = 3362)	Nonsurgical Patients (n = 10 086)	Surgical Patients (n = 8385)	Nonsurgical Patients (n = 25 155)
Follow-up, median (IQR), y	6.2 (4.3-8.5)^a	5.7 (3.7-8.2)^a	5.5 (3.0-6.7)^a	4.8 (2.6-6.6)^a	3.2 (2.2-4.1)^a	3.0 (2.0-4.0)^a	4.3 (2.8-6.6)^a	4.0 (2.6-6.2)^a
Total deaths, No. (%)	61 (1.7)^a	338 (3.1)^a	18 (1.3)^a	116 (2.8)^a	26 (0.8)^a	129 (1.3)^a	105 (1.3)^a	583 (2.3)^a
Mortality/1000 person-years (95% CI)	2.6 (2.0-3.4)	5.3 (4.7-5.8)	2.6 (1.6-4.2)	6.0 (5.0-7.2)	2.4 (1.6-3.6)	4.2 (3.5-5.0)	2.6 (2.1-3.1)	5.1 (4.7-5.5)
Mortality rate difference/1000 person-years, mean (95% CI)	[Reference]	2.6 (1.7-3.5)	[Reference]	3.4 (1.7- 5.0)	[Reference]	1.8 (0.6-3.0)	[Reference]	2.51 (1.86-3.15)
Nonsurgical patients vs surgical, hazard ratio (95% CI) for mortality
Unadjusted	1 [Reference]	2.00 (1.52-2.63)	1 [Reference]	2.29 (1.39-3.76)	1 [Reference]	1.66 (1.09-2.54)	1 [Reference]	1.97 (1.59-2.42)
Adjusted, before multiple imputation^b^,^c	1 [Reference]	2.13 (1.47-3.09)	1 [Reference]	2.46 (1.43-4.24)	1 [Reference]	1.59 (1.00-2.53)	1 [Reference]	2.03 (1.58-2.61)
Adjusted, after multiple imputation^c	1 [Reference]	2.01 (1.50-2.69)	1 [Reference]	2.65 (1.55-4.52)	1 [Reference]	1.60 (1.02-2.51)	1 [Reference]	2.02 (1.63-2.52)

^{^a}

Indicates a significant P value of <.05.

^{^b}

5060 patients with missing values were eliminated, leaving 28 480 patients in the model (number of events = 557).

^{^c}

Variables included: all-cause mortality (y/n) (dependent variable); age introduced as continuous variable (years); SES introduced as dummy variable: (low-reference group, medium, high); population sector (Jewish, non-Jewish), immigrant status (immigrated to Israel/born in Israel); diagnosis of hyperlipidemia (y/n); diagnosis of hypertension (y/n); diagnosis of CVD (y/n); smoking status introduced as an ordinal variable (nonsmoker, former, current); BMI introduced as continuous variable; total cholesterol level introduced as continuous variable (mg/dL); HDL cholesterol level and triglycerides introduced as the log transformed of the continuous level. No collinearity between variables was observed (max VIF <2.1).