. 2018 Jan 16;319(3):279–290. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.20513

Table 3. Description of Additional Outcomes.

	Laparoscopic Banding		Gastric Bypass		Sleeve Gastrectomy		Total
	Surgical Patients	Nonsurgical Patients	Surgical Patients	Nonsurgical Patients	Surgical Patients	Nonsurgical Patients	Surgical Patients	Nonsurgical Patients
No. at risk	3635	10 905	1388	4164	3362	10 086	8385	25 155
Follow-up, median (IQR), y	6.2 (4.3-8.5)	5.7 (3.7-8.2)	5.5 (3.0-6.7)	4.8 (2.6-6.6)	3.2 (2.2-4.1)	3.0 (2.0-4.0)	4.3 (2.8-6.6)	4.0 (2.6-6.2)
BMI
Last measurement, median (IQR)^a	32.5 (28.3-37.2)^b	39.8 (35.6-44.1)^b	30.9 (27.3-35.5)^b	39.3 (35.4-43.4)^b	29.8 (26.6-33.3)^b	39.3 (35.6-43.1)^b	31.0 (27.3-35.4)^b	39.6 (35.6-43.6)^b
Reduction from baseline, mean (SD)	8.1 (6.3)^b	1.2 (6.3)^b	9.4 (5.6)^b	1.4 (6.3)^b	10.6 (4.9)^b	1.3 (5.8)^b	9.3 (5.8)^b	1.2 (6.1)^b
Individuals with ≥20% reduction, No. (%)	1702 (48.2)^b	854 (8.2)^b	829 (60.9)^b	287 (7.3)^b	2278 (70.8)^b	645 (7.1)^b	4809 (59.3)^b	1786 (7.6)^b
Diabetes
New diagnosis, No. (%)^c	11 (0.3)^b	236 (2.2)^b	2 (0.1)^b	89 (2.1)^b	6 (0.2)^b	196 (1.9)^b	19 (0.2)^b	521 (2.1)^b
Control, median (IQR), HbA_1c%^d	5.7 (5.4-6.1)^b	6.1 (5.6-7.0)^b	5.8 (5.4-6.4)^b	6.3 (5.7-7.6)^b	5.6 (5.3-6.0)^b	6.3 (5.7-7.4)^b	5.7 (5.3-6.1)^b	6.2 (5.7-7.3)^b
Remission, No. (%)^e	89 (14.7)^b	70 (3.6)^b	84 (19.3)^b	64 (4.8)^b	280 (31.9)^b	179 (6.4)^b	453 (23.6)^b	313 (5.1)^b
Hypertension
New diagnosis, No. (%)^f	199 (5.5)^b	1163 (10.7)^b	34 (2.4)^b	344 (8.3)^b	32 (1.0)^b	531 (5.3)^b	265 (3.2)^b	2038 (8.1)^b
SBP, mean (SD), mm Hg^g	121.7 (14.3)^b	126.4 (14.0)^b	121.2 (14.4)^b	126.8 (13.7)^b	120.5 (13.5)^b	126.6 (13.7)^b	121.2 (14.0)^b	126.5 (13.8)^b
DBP, mean (SD), mm Hg^h	74.2 (9.4)^b	76.3 (9.3)^b	73.6 (9.3)^b	76.0 (9.1)^b	73.7 (9.1)^b	76.5 (9.2)^b	73.9 (9.3)^b	76.3 (9.2)^b
SBP/DBP ≤130/80 mm Hg, No. (%)ⁱ	2521 (69.4)^b	6502 (59.6)^b	987 (71.1)^b	2456 (59.0)^b	2354 (70.0)^b	5675 (56.3)^b	5862 (69.9)^b	14 633 (58.2)^b
Hyperlipidemia
New diagnosis, No. (%)^j	412 (11.3)^b	1940 (17.8)^b	63 (4.5)^b	482 (11.6)^b	95 (2.8)^b	678 (6.7)^b	570 (6.8)^b	3100 (12.3)^b
Total cholesterol, median (IQR), mg/dL^k	192 (168-217)^b	188 (166-213)^b	187 (163-212)^b	185 (161-209)^b	184 (161-209)^b	182 (159-207)^b	188 (164-213)^b	185 (162-210)^b
HDL-C, mean (SD), mg/dL^l	45.9 (11.8)^b	45.1 (11.2)^b	46.2 (12.1)^b	45.2 (11.1)^b	44.3 (11.1)	44.6 (11.0)	45.3 (11.6)^b	44.9 (11.1)^b
LDL-C, mean (SD), mg/dL^m	115.1 (31.8)*	113.2 (30.9)^b	111.5 (33.3)^b	109.0 (31.3)^b	108.8 (32.4)	108.5 (31.8)	111.9 (32.4)^b	110.6 (31.4)^b
Triglycerides, median (IQR), mg/dLⁿ	147.5 (107.0-207.0)^b	141.0 (104.0-195.0)^b	149.0 (106.0-205.0)	145.0 (106.0-199.0)	151.0 (109.0-210.0)^b	144.0 (106.0-196.0)^b	149.0 (108.0-208.0)^b	143.0 (105.0-196.0)^b
MACE, No. (%)^o	132 (3.6)	408 (3.7)	55 (4.0)	163 (3.9)	96 (2.9)	268 (2.7)	283 (3.4)	839 (3.3)
Laboratory tests suggestive of nutritional status
Hemoglobin, mean (SD), g/L^p	13.5 (1.4)^b	13.4 (1.5)^b	13.4 (1.4)^b	13.3 (1.5)^b	13.5 (1.4)^b	13.4 (1.5)^b	13.5 (1.4)^b	13.4 (1.5)^b
Albumin, median (IQR), g/dL^q	4.1 (3.9-4.3)	4.1 (3.9-4.3)	4.1 (3.9-4.3)	4.1 (3.9-4.3)	4.2 (4.0-4.4)	4.2 (4.0-4.3)	4.1 (3.9-4.3)	4.2 (3.9-4.3)
Pharmaceutical treatment, No. (%)^r
Oral hypoglycemics	713 (19.6)^b	3367 (30.9)^b	378 (27.2)^b	1628 (39.1)^b	628 (18.7)^b	3138 (31.1)^b	1719 (20.5)^b	8133 (32.3)^b
Insulin or GLP-1	197 (5.4)^b	1023 (9.4)^b	167 (12.0)	502 (12.1)	249 (7.4)^b	975 (9.7)^b	613 (7.3)^b	2500 (9.9)^b
β-Blocking agents	761 (20.9)^b	2828 (25.9)^b	319 (23.0)^b	1109 (26.6)^b	602 (17.9)^b	1981 (19.6)^b	1682 (20.1)^b	5918 (23.5)^b
Calcium channel blockers	548 (15.1)^b	2049 (18.8)^b	228 (16.4)^b	782 (18.8)^b	430 (12.8)^b	1409 (14.0)^b	1206 (14.4)^b	4240 (16.9)^b
Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system	1169 (32.2)^b	4546 (41.7)^b	527 (38.0)^b	1870 (44.9)^b	1052 (31.3)^b	3732 (37.0)^b	2748 (32.8)^b	10 148 (40.3)^b
Lipid-modifying agent	1457 (40.1)^b	4910 (45.0)^b	557 (40.1)^b	2048 (49.2)^b	1058 (31.5)^b	3943 (39.1)^b	3072 (36.6)^b	10 901 (43.3)^b
Hospital admissions^s
No. (%) hospitalized for any reason	1890 (52.0)^b	4720 (43.3)^b	692 (49.9)^b	1675 (40.2)^b	1041 (31.0)	2948 (29.2)	3623 (43.2)^b	9343 (37.1)^b
No. of total hospitalizations, median (IQR)	2 (1-3)	2 (1-3)	2 (1-3)	1 (1-3)	1 (1-2)	1 (1-2)	1 (1-2)^b	1 (1-3)^b
No. (%) hospitalized for hypoglycemia	9 (0.2)	48 (0.4)	11 (0.8)^b	17 (0.4)^b	13 (0.4)	27 (0.3)	33 (0.4)	92 (0.4)
Nonbariatric reoperations, No. (%)^t
Intestinal obstruction (without mention of hernia)	41 (1.1)^b	55 (0.5)^b	32 (2.3)^b	13 (0.3)^b	13 (0.4)^b	17 (0.2)^b	86 (1.0)^b	85 (0.3)^b
Hernia of abdominal cavity	285 (7.8)^b	368 (3.4)^b	159 (11.5)^b	123 (3.0)^b	265 (7.9)^b	176 (1.7)^b	709 (8.5)^b	667 (2.7)^b
Gastric ulcer	33 (0.9)^b	35 (0.3)^b	10 (0.7)^b	12 (0.3)^b	9 (0.3)^b	6 (0.1)^b	52 (0.6)^b	53 (0.2)^b
Esophageal stricture	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA_1c, glycated hemoglobin; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IQR, interquartile range; LB, laparoscopic banding; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MACE, major adverse cardiac event; SBP, systolic blood pressure.

^{^a}

The last BMI taken during the follow-up period. Data were missing for 275 surgical patients and 1799 nonsurgical patients.

^{^b}

Indicates a significant P value of <.05.

^{^c}

A new diagnosis of diabetes recorded during the follow-up period among patients with no history of diabetes (y/n), based on an algorithm which incorporates relevant ICD-9 diagnostic codes, HbA_1c levels, glucose levels, and diabetes medications.

^{^d}

The last HbA_1c level taken during the follow-up period (%). Data were missing for 83 surgical patients with diabetes and 279 nonsurgical patients with diabetes.

^{^e}

Last HbA_1c level taken in the last year of the follow-up period that was equal to or less than 6.0%, and no diabetes medication was prescribed in the last year of the follow-up period (y/n). HbA_1c measurement in the last year of follow-up was missing for 473 surgical patients with diabetes and for 1090 nonsurgical patients with diabetes.

^{^f}

New diagnosis of hypertension recorded during the follow-up period among patients with no history of hypertension (y/n), based on any documentation in the hospital or community setting.

^{^g}

The last SBP level recorded during the follow-up period. Data were missing for 50 surgical patients with hypertension and 253 nonsurgical patients with hypertension.

^{^h}

The last DBP level recorded during the follow-up period. Data were missing for 50 surgical patients with hypertension and 253 for nonsurgical patients with hypertension.

^ⁱ

The last blood pressure measurement recorded in the follow-up period. Data were missing for 50 surgical patients with hypertension and 253 nonsurgical patients with hypertension.

^{^j}

A new diagnosis of hyperlipidermia during follow-up period among patients with no history of hyperlipidemia (y/n), based on any documentation in the hospital or community setting.

^{^k}

Last total-C level taken during the follow-up period. Data were missing for 17 surgical patients with hyperlipidemia and 244 nonsurgical patients with hyperlipidemia.

^{^l}

Last HDL-C level taken during the follow-up period. Data were missing for 19 surgical patients with hyperlipidemia and 268 nonsurgical patients with hyperlipidemia.

^{^m}

Last LDL-C level taken during the follow-up period. Data were missing for 138 surgical patients with hyperlipidemia and 637 nonsurgical patients with hyperlipidemia.

^ⁿ

Last triglycerides level taken during the follow-up period. Data were missing for 18 surgical patients with hyperlipidemia and 257 nonsurgical patients with hyperlipidemia.

^{^o}

At least 1 episode of MACE (myocardial infarction, unstable angina, angioplasty, or coronary artery bypass graft) in hospital records during the follow-up period (y/n).

^{^p}

Last hemoglobin level taken during the follow-up period (mmol/mol). Data were missing for 973 surgical patients and 5753 nonsurgical patients.

^{^q}

Last albumin level taken during the follow-up period (mmol/mol). Data were missing for 65 surgical patients and 2008 nonsurgical patients.

^{^r}

At least 1 prescription of medication type recorded in last year of follow-up (y/n).

^{^s}

Number of patients hospitalized at least once after 30 d from index date up to end of the follow-up period.

^{^t}

Nonbariatric reoperations that occurred during the follow-up period, taken from hospital records.