Table 4. Cox Regression Analysis for the New Onset of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.

Characteristic	HR (95% CI)	P Value
Baseline data
Serum creatinine, mg/dL	2.358 (1.901-2.924)	<.001
eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2
>90 (n = 366)	1 [Reference]	NA
61-90 (n = 1035)	1.142 (0.676-1.929)	.62
46-60 (n = 420)	2.335 (1.351-4.035)	.002
30-45 (n = 210)	2.625 (1.436-4.798)	.002
<30 (n = 65)	5.488 (2.739-10.993)	<.001
ACR (mg/g)
<10 (n = 733)	1 [Reference]	NA
10-30 (n = 628)	1.567 (0.969-2.536)	.067
31-300 (n = 596)	3.202 (2.029-5.053)	<.001
>300 (n = 139)	6.652 (3.922-11.285)	<.001
Mean follow-up data
Serum creatinine, mg/dL	2.369 (1.704-3.293)	<.001
eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2
>90 (n = 283)	1 [Reference]	NA
61-90 (n = 1054)	1.184 (0.590-2.377)	.63
46-60 (n = 416)	1.549 (0.628-3.818)	.34
30-45 (n = 247)	2.050 (0.718-5.856)	.18
<30 (n = 96)	4.215 (1.265-14.039)	.02
ACR (mg/g)
<10 (n = 662)	1 [Reference]	NA
10-30 (n = 648)	1.704 (0.967-3.002)	.07
31-300 (n = 627)	2.344 (1.200-4.503)	.01
>300 (n = 159)	4.193 (1.638-10.735)	.003

Abbreviations: ACR, albumin to creatinine ratio; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HR, hazard ratio; NA, not applicable.

SI conversion factor: creatine to micromoles per liter, multiply by 76.25.