Fig. 7. Hpx regulated microglia polarization via an LRP-1-dependent pathway.

a–d Effects of Hpx on the polarization of LPS-stimulated microglia were determined using quantitative RT-PCR. IL-1β, iNOS, and TNF-α were used as M1 markers (a–c) and Arg-1 was used as an M2 marker (d). e–k Scanning densitometry of TNF-α (e, g, i, k) and Arg-1 (f, h, i, j) levels, which were quantified and normalized to GAPDH. Data are presented as the means ± SEM of at least three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.005