Table 1.
Outcomes and adverse events in the Patel et al. [7] study.
| Face mask (n = 39) | Helmet (n = 44) | Absolute difference (95% CI) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary outcomes, n (%) | ||||
| Endotracheal intubation | 24 (61.5) | 8 (18.2) | −43.3 (−62.4 to −24.3) | <0.001 |
| Reason for intubation | ||||
| Respiratory failure | 20 (83.3) | 3 (37.5) | −45.3 (−82.5 to −9.1) | 0.01 |
| Circulatory failure | 3 (12.5) | 0 (0) | −12.5 (−25.7 to 0.7) | 0.55 |
| Neurologic failure | 1 (4.2) | 5 (62.5) | 58.3 (24.8 to 92.8) | 0.001 |
| Secondary outcomes, median (IQR), days | ||||
| Ventilator-free days | 12.5 (0.49 to 28) | 28 (13.7 to 28) | 8.4 (13.4 to 3.4) | <0.001 |
| ICU LOS | 7.8 (3.9 to 13.8) | 4.7 (2.5 to 8.7) | −2.76 (−6.07 to 0.54) | 0.04 |
| Hospital LOS | 15.2 (7.8 to 19.7) | 10.1 (6.5 to 15.9) | −2.92 (−8.47 to 2.63) | 0.16 |
| Mortality, n (%) | ||||
| Hospital | 19 (48.7) | 12 (27.3) | −21.4 (−41.9 to −1.0) | 0.04 |
| 90 days | 22 (56.4) | 15 (34.1) | −22.3 (−43.3 to −1.4) | 0.02 |
| Adverse events | ||||
| Mask deflation | 0 (0) | 2 (4.5) | ||
| Skin ulceration | 3 (7.6) | 3 (6.8) |