Figure 10. Extracellular GPBP instigates pathogenesis.

(A) Represented are the indicated variables in 4T1 mouse-model untreated (Control) or treated (N26) over time (left) or at day-25 (right). Statistics: Left, 2WA-S, n = 10. Representative of three assays. Right, Student’s t-test, n = 30. (B) Tumor growth over time in A549 mouse-model untreated (Control) or treated (hN26). Initial tumor volume (200–300 mm³) was set as 100%. Statistics: 2WA-S, n = 14. (A, B) Values are mean ± 95% CI. (C) cGPBP levels (mean ± SD) were monitored over time in 4T1 mouse-model using the preclinical EMTEST. Macroscopic metastases appear on day-17 (arrow). Statistics: 1WA-D. Two mice were sacrificed per day. Representative of three assays. (D) Time course flowchart of cGPBP levels and relevant clinical events for Patient 1. cGPBP measurements were done on fresh serum samples using preclinical EMTEST and samples stored at –80^° C. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; CT, computerized tomography. (E) Percentage of mice with primary tumor and percentage of mice with primary tumor also developing lung metastases at day-28 in LLC mouse-model. Statistics: Fisher’s exact test. Tumor: n = 17; Metastases: WT n = 14, GPBP^−/− n = 4.