Table 1.
Summary of changes in perineuronal nets induced by drugs of abuse.
| Drug | Species/Brain Region | Alteration (Method Used) | Time Point | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cocaine | Rat/prelimbic cortex | Decreased number of WFAa- positive cells (IHCb) | One hour after confinement to a previous cocaine- paired context (3 cocaine injections) | [58] |
| Cocaine | Mouse/cerebellum (glutamatergic medial projection neurons) | Increased intensity of WFA labeling (IHC) | One day after a single cocaine injection given one week after 6 prior injections | [59] |
| Cocaine | Mouse/cerebellum (glutamatergic medial projection neurons) | Decreased intensity of WFA labeling (IHC) | One day after a single cocaine injection, given one month after 6 prior injections | [60] |
| Cocaine | Mouse/cerebellum (glutamatergic medial projection neurons) | Decreased intensity of WFA labeling (IHC) | Seventy minutes after a cocaine CPPc test (8 cocaine injections) | [61] |
| Cocaine | Mouse/cerebellum (Golgi neurons) | Increased intensity of WFA labeling (IHC) | Seventy minutes after a cocaine CPP test (8 cocaine injections) | [61] |
| Ethanol | Mouse/orbitofront al cortex | Increased intensity of WFA, brevican, and neurocan labeling (IHC) | Two months after a binge ethanol procedure (6 injections) | [66] |
| Ethanol | Rat/hippocampus | Increased total chondroitin sulfate glycosamin oglycans (sulfated GAG assay) and neurocan (IHC) | Two hours after last ethanol intubation (10 ethanol exposures) in neonates | [65] |
| Ethanol | Mouse/insular cortex | Increased intensity of WFA labeling (IHC) | One day after last ethanol drinking session (24 drinking sessions) | [67] |
| Heroin | Rat/medial prefrontal cortex | Decreased synaptic tenascin-R and brevican protein (Western blots) | Twenty-one days after last heroin self-administration session (16 self administration sessions) | [62] |
| Heroin | Rat/medial prefrontal cortex | Normalized synaptic tenascin-R and brevican protein (Western blots) | After cue-induced reinstatement of heroin self- administration | [62] |
| Nicotine | Rat/orbitofrontal cortex | Decreased number of WFA- positive parvalbumin cells and WFA intensity (IHC) | Forty-five minutes after 21 days of nicotine self- administration | [63] |
| Nicotine | Rat/ventral tegmental area | Decreased number of WFA- positive parvalbumin cells and WFA intensity (IHC) | Forty-five minutes and seventy-two hours after 21 days of nicotine self- administration | [63] |
a
Wisteria floribunda agglutinin;
b
Immunohistochemistry;
c
Conditioned place preference