Table 2.
Recent clinical interventions in musculoskeletal repair: cell source and delivery strategies
| Cells | Trauma/Disease | Carrier | Delivery | Reference | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BM-MSCs | Cartilage OA | HA solution | Injection | (Wong et al., 2013) | Microfracture and HTO |
|
| |||||
| Saline | Injection | (Vega et al., 2015) | Allogeneic | ||
|
| |||||
| HA solution | Injection | (Vangsness et al., 2014) | Allogeneic | ||
|
| |||||
| Cartilage Defect | HA solution | Injection | (Gupta et al., 2016) | Allogeneic, placebo-controlled (HA only) | |
|
| |||||
| Osteonecrosis | Saline | Injection (through decompressi on canal) | (Zhao et al., 2012) | BM subtrochanteric from femoral head | |
|
| |||||
| IVD | Saline | Injection | (Noriega et al., 2016) | Allogeneic | |
|
| |||||
| HA solution | Injection | NCT01290367 | Allogeneic | ||
|
| |||||
| Synovial MSCs | Cartilage Defect | Collagen membrane (ChondroGide®) | Mini- arthrotomy | (Akgun et al., 2015) | Cultured for two additional days on collagen membrane |
|
| |||||
| None | Synovial brush | NCT02696876 | Microfracture | ||
|
| |||||
| Umbilical cord derived MSCs | Cartilage Defect | HA solution (Cartistem®) | Arthroscopy | (Park et al., 2017), NCT01626677, NCT01733186 | Allogeneic, microfracture |
|
| |||||
| ACL Defect | HA solution (Cartistem®) | Arthroscopy | NCT02755376 | Allogeneic | |
|
| |||||
| Nasal chondro- cytes | Cartilage Defect | Collagen membrane (ChondroGide®) | Mini- arthrotomy | (Pelttari et al., 2014), NCT01605201, NCT02673905 | Cultured on collagen membrane, autologous serum |
|
|
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Abbreviations: ACL, anterior cruciate ligament; HA, hyaluronic acid; HTO, High-tibial osteotomy; IVD, intervertebral disc; MSC, mesenchymal stromal cells; OA, osteoarthritis