TABLE 2.

Weighted Prevalence of Receipt of Nonmutually Exclusive Treatment Types for ADHD Among Children 2–17 Years of Age With Current ADHD by Demographic Subgroups, National Survey of Children’s Health, 2016

	Unweighted Sample Sizea	Currently Taking ADHD Medication		Received Behavioral Treatment for ADHD in Past 12 Months		Received Behavioral Treatment for ADHD or Any Treatment/Counseling From a Mental Health Provider in Past 12 Months
		Weighted % [95% CI]	PR [95% CI]	Weighted % [95% CI]	PR [95% CI]	Weighted % [95% CI]	PR [95% CI]
Overall	4,259	62.0 [58.9, 65.0]		46.7 [43.7, 49.7]		59.9 [57.0, 62.7]
Sex
Male	2,930	63.6 [59.8, 67.2]	1.09 [0.98, 1.22]	48.6 [44.9, 52.4]	1.16 [1.01, 1.33]	59.7 [56.1, 63.1]	0.99 [0.89, 1.09]
Female	1,329	58.1 [52.9, 63.1]	Ref.	42.0 [37.2, 47.0]	Ref.	60.4 [55.3, 65.3]	Ref.
Age
2–5 Years	137	18.2b [9.6, 31.8]	0.27 [0.14, 0.49]	59.5 [40.2, 76.3]	1.16 [0.83, 1.61]	62.9 [43.3, 79.0]	1.01 [0.75, 1.37]
6–11 Years	1,566	68.6 [64.3, 72.5]	Ref.	51.4 [46.9, 55.9]	Ref.	62.1 [57.7, 66.4]	Ref.
12–17 Years	2,556	62.1 [58.4, 65.8]	0.91 [0.83, 0.99]	41.7 [37.9, 45.6]	0.81 [0.71, 0.92]	57.9 [54.1, 61.5]	0.93 [0.85, 1.02]
Race
White	3,416	63.3 [60.1, 66.3]	Ref.	43.1 [40.0, 46.2]	Ref.	57.4 [54.3, 60.5]	Ref.
Black	315	61.9 [53.2, 70.0]	0.98 [0.85, 1.13]	55.9 [47.2, 64.3]	1.30 [1.09, 1.54]	64.1 [55.2, 72.2]	1.12 [0.97, 1.29]
Other	528	55.9 [45.2, 66.0]	0.88 [0.73, 1.07]	52.3 [42.2, 62.2]	1.21 [0.99, 1.49]	66.2 [57.4, 74.0]	1.15 [1.00, 1.32]
Ethnicity
Hispanic/Latino	424	50.5 [40.8, 60.2]	0.78 [0.64, 0.96]	51.8 [42.2, 61.3]	1.14 [0.93, 1.39]	63.8 [54.5, 72.2]	1.08 [0.93, 1.25]
Non-Hispanic/Latino	3,835	64.4 [61.5, 67.3]	Ref.	45.6 [42.6, 48.6]	Ref.	59.0 [56.1, 61.9]	Ref.
Primary Language in Home
English	4,133	63.0 [60.1, 65.9]	Ref.	46.5 [43.5, 49.5]	Ref.	59.5 [56.6, 62.4]	Ref.
Spanish	62	32.3b [15.3, 55.7]	0.51 [0.26, 0.99]	49.1 [24.3, 74.4]	1.06 [0.60, 1.86]	67.4 [45.0, 84.0]	1.13 [0.83, 1.54]
Other Language	34	37.6 [19.9, 59.3]	0.60 [0.34, 1.04]	53.7 [31.7, 74.4]	1.16 [0.75, 1.77]	55.0 [32.7, 75.4]	0.92 [0.61, 1.40]
Highest Education in Householdc
Less Than High School	179	60.4 [46.0, 73.2]	0.98 [0.77, 1.24]	55.1 [42.4, 67.2]	1.17 [0.92, 1.50]	69.7 [57.9, 79.3]	1.17 [0.99, 1.38]
12 Years, High School Graduate	805	63.6 [57.4, 69.4]	1.03 [0.93, 1.15]	42.2 [36.0, 48.7]	0.90 [0.76, 1.07]	56.3 [49.9, 62.4]	0.95 [0.84, 1.07]
More Than High School	3,276	61.6 [58.2, 64.9]	Ref.	46.9 [43.6, 50.3]	Ref.	59.5 [56.3, 62.7]	Ref.
Poverty Statusc
< 100% of Federal Poverty Level	608	58.8 [52.1, 65.3]	0.92 [0.82, 1.05]	51.4 [44.4, 58.4]	1.19 [1.00, 1.41]	61.3 [54.3, 67.9]	1.07 [0.93, 1.22]
100%–199% of Federal Poverty Level	779	61.6 [53.4, 69.2]	0.97 [0.84, 1.12]	49.2 [41.5, 56.9]	1.14 [0.95, 1.36]	63.8 [56.6, 70.4]	1.11 [0.97, 1.27]
> 200% of Federal Poverty Level	2,872	63.7 [60.0, 67.1]	Ref.	43.3 [39.6, 47.0]	Ref.	57.4 [53.6, 61.1]	Ref.
Type of Health Insurance
Public Only	1,214	63.6 [58.0, 68.9]	1.03 [0.93, 1.14]	55.0 [49.6, 60.2]	1.38 [1.21, 1.56]	67.5 [62.6, 72.1]	1.27 [1.15, 1.40]
Private Only	2,577	62.0 [58.4, 65.4]	Ref.	40.0 [36.7, 43.4]	Ref.	53.3 [49.8, 56.8]	Ref.
Public and Private	288	64.4 [53.4, 74.0]	1.04 [0.87, 1.23]	48.9 [37.8, 60.1]	1.22 [0.96, 1.57]	64.8 [53.4, 74.7]	1.21 [1.02, 1.45]
Unspecified	42	60.5 [38.0, 79.3]	0.98 [0.68, 1.41]	44.0 [23.1, 67.3]	1.10 [0.64, 1.90]	66.2 [41.6, 84.4]	1.24 [0.88, 1.76]
None	119	43.0 [28.3, 59.0]	0.69 [0.48, 1.01]	31.3 [19.5, 46.3]	0.78 [0.50, 1.22]	41.6 [27.0, 57.8]	0.78 [0.53, 1.15]
Region
Northeast	774	59.2 [52.1, 65.9]	1.13 [0.92, 1.39]	47.3 [40.2, 54.6]	0.84 [0.68, 1.04]	64.8 [57.9, 71.2]	0.97 [0.84, 1.12]
Midwest	1,087	62.4 [57.1, 67.3]	1.19 [0.99, 1.43]	45.9 [40.9, 50.9]	0.82 [0.68, 0.98]	61.9 [56.8, 66.7]	0.92 [0.81, 1.05]
South	1,509	66.3 [61.5, 70.7]	1.26 [1.05, 1.52]	43.5 [38.8, 48.2]	0.78 [0.65, 0.93]	54.6 [49.9, 59.2]	0.81 [0.71, 0.93]
West	889	52.4 [43.6, 61.0]	Ref.	56.1 [47.8, 64.0]	Ref.	67.0 [59.9, 73.4]	Ref.
Urbanicity
Rural	823	61.1 [54.2, 67.6]	0.98 [0.87, 1.11]	39.0 [33.2, 45.1]	0.81 [0.68, 0.96]	49.0 [42.7, 55.4]	0.79 [0.69, 0.91]
Urban/Suburban	3,413	62.2 [58.7, 65.4]	Ref.	48.1 [44.8, 51.6]	Ref.	61.9 [58.7, 65.0]	Ref.
ADHD Severity
Mild	1,871	46.0 [41.4, 50.7]	Ref.	32.1 [27.4, 37.1]	Ref.	47.0 [42.2, 51.8]	Ref.
Moderate	1,870	70.3 [66.0, 74.3]	1.53 [1.36, 1.72]	52.4 [47.9, 56.8]	1.63 [1.37, 1.94]	64.5 [60.3, 68.6]	1.37 [1.22, 1.55]
Severe	471	81.6 [74.5, 87.0]	1.77 [1.56, 2.01]	71.2 [63.2, 78.0]	2.22 [1.85, 2.67]	82.7 [76.2, 87.7]	1.76 [1.56, 1.99]
Current Co-Occurring
Disorder
Yes	2,676	66.6 [63.0, 70.0]	1.23 [1.10, 1.38]	57.5 [53.8, 61.1]	2.07 [1.67, 2.56]	73.1 [69.7, 76.2]	1.99 [1.70, 2.33]
No	1,568	54.0 [48.6, 59.3]	Ref.	27.8 [22.5, 33.9]	Ref.	36.8 [31.4, 42.5]	Ref.

Note: PR in bold indicates statistically significant difference from reference group at the α = 0.05 level. Children receiving more than one treatment type are represented in the percentages for each treatment as appropriate. ADHD = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; CI = confidence interval; PR = prevalence ratio.

^aIncludes all respondents reported to have current ADHD and with a valid response to at least one ADHD treatment indicator.

^bEstimate is unstable and may be unreliable. It has a relative standard error between 30% and 50% and should be interpreted with caution.

^cMultiple imputation was used to estimate values for respondents with missing data on indicators used to calculate poverty status (data were imputed for 19.3% of respondents represented in this table) and household educational attainment (3.6% imputed).