Table 1.
Enzymes produced by pathogens that activate or cleave contact factors.
| Species | Enzyme | Target | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bacteria | |||
| Aeromonas sobria | Serine protease (ASP) | Plasma kallikrein (PK), HK, LK | (71) |
| Bacillus stearothermophilus | Thermolysin | Factor XII (FXII)/PK | (72) |
| Bacillus subtilis | Subtilisin | FXII/PK | |
| Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes) | Cysteine protease (SpeB) | HK | (67) |
| Streptokinase-activated plasmin | FXII/PK, HK | (73) | |
| Porphyromonas gingivalis | Lysine-specific gingipain (Kgp) | HK | (74) |
| Arginine-specific gingipains (RgpA, RgpB) | PK | (69) | |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Alkaline phosphatase | FXII | (72, 75) |
| Elastase | FXII | ||
| Serratia marcescens | 56-, 60-, and 73-kD proteinases | FXII | (72) |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Staphopains A and B (ScpA and SspB) | HK | (68) |
| V8 proteinase | HK | (72) | |
| Streptomyces caespitosus | Proteinase | HK | (72) |
| Vibrio cholerae | Protease | Not known | (76) |
| Vibrio parahaemolyticus | Serine protease | FXII/PK | (77) |
| Vibrio vulnificus? | Metalloprotease | FXII/PK | (72, 78) |
| Fungi | |||
| Aspergillus melleus | Proteinase | FXII | (72) |
| Candida albicans | Carboxyl peptidase | FXII/PK | (79) |
| Candida spp. | Aspartic proteases | HK | (80–82) |
| Parasites | |||
| Fasciola hepatica | Cysteine proteases | HK | (83) |
| Plasmodium chabaudi and Plasmodium falciparum | Falcipain-2Falcipain-3 | HK | (84) |
| Trypanosoma cruzi | Cysteinyl-Proteinase (Cruzipain) | HK | (70, 85) |
| Schistosoma mansoni | Secreted enzyme | FXII/PK, HK | (86) |