Fig. 1. Oxidative stress injury on CMs and BMSCs in vitro.

H₂O₂ dose dependently induced apoptosis in CMs (a) or BMSCs (c) 24 h post- treatment. Protein lysates were subject to western blot analysis using antibodies as mentioned above. β-actin was employed as a loading control, and quantitative data of cleaved caspase 3 band densities were shown (b and d). CMs (e) and BMSCs (g) cell apoptosis were assayed using Annexin V-FITC/PI dual staining by flow cytometry; representative flow images were shown. The percentages of apoptotic CMs and BMSCs cells were summarized as (f and h). i The BMSCs cell viability after treatment with different concentrations of H₂O₂ was detected by CCK-8 assay. *p < 0.05 versus control group. All values were expressed as mean ± SD, n = 3 for each group