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. 2018 Mar 2;8:3944. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22274-0

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic of the fabrication steps for forming single- and/or multi-layered graphene (SLG and MLG) electrodes and EC cells based on SLG and MLG electrodes. (a) A single-layered graphene (SLG) on a thermal-release film (TRF), (b) a roll-laminated TRF/SLG with a glass substrate, (c) a SLG transferred onto a glass substrate. (d) SLG or multi-layered graphene (MLG) produced by repeating the roll-lamination process, (e) a UV/ozone (UVO) treatment of the SLG or MLG, (f) spin-coated PEDOT:PSS with a certain thickness, (g) placement of thermal adhesive to fix the gap and also attach a cover to the SLG and/or MLG electrode and (h) A finally prepared EC cell after injecting a liquid electrolyte (L-El) through the in/out holes.