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. 2018 Mar 2;8:3944. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22274-0

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Electrochromic performance of the PEDOT:PSS based ECD cell with G4L as electrode. (a) The optical luminous transmittance responses measured as a function of applied +/− voltages ranging from +0.5 to 3.5 V for T_t and −0.5 to −3.5 V for T_d with an offset voltage of −0.5 V during 40 s, (b) the plotted optical switching time, generally defined as the time to reach 90% of the optical changes in between T_t and T_d, (c) the optical contrast ratio calculated from the luminous transmittance difference, also in between T_t and T_d, (d) the transmittance spectra measured at wavelengths ranging from 300 nm to 800 nm at an applied potential of ±2.5 V for transparent (positive, red line) and for dark (negative, blue line) states and (e) the photo images of the optical changes under the applied bias voltages.