Fig. 3. HCQ protects HK-2 cells from H/R injury and regulates NF-κB signaling.

a Effects of HCQ on the cell viabilities of HK-2 cells. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3). **p < 0.01 compared with control group. b Effects of HCQ on the cell viabilities of HK-2 cells against H/R injury. c Western blots of KIM-1 in cell lysates. d Effects of HCQ on the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1 in HK-2 cells. e ELISA detection of TNF-α expression in supernatants. f Effects of HCQ on the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in HK-2 cells based on confocal microscopy. White broken lines indicate borders of the nucleus. The optical density of p65 expression in the nuclear was quantified. (Bars = 30 μm) g Western blots of NF-κB p65 and p-p65 in cell lysates from HK-2 cells stimulated with H/R and pretreated with HCQ. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3).^## p < 0.01 compared with H/R group