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. 2018 Mar 2;8:3950. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22278-w

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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LTM at 24 h is dependent on transcription in both the early and a later stage of memory consolidation after single-trial learning. (a) Treatment with Act-D at 10 min post-training reveals that transcription is required for 24 h LTM during the early stage of memory consolidation, around 1 h after single-trial classical conditioning. (b) Treatment with Act-D at 5 h post-training reveals that transcription is also required for LTM during a later stage of memory consolidation, around 6 h after single-trial classical conditioning. Means and standard errors are shown for the drug and saline treated groups. The mean non-treated naive baseline level of the feeding response to amyl acetate (n = 20 animals) is indicated by the dashed line with the gray band showing the standard error. Asterisks indicate significant differences revealed by multiple post-hoc tests. Test statistics for data in a: One-way ANOVA, p < 0.001; Tukey’s tests, Saline versus Act-D and baseline, both p < 0.01, Act-D versus baseline, p > 0.05 (not significant, n.s.). Test statistics for data in b: One-way ANOVA, p < 0.0007; Tukey’s tests, Saline versus Act-D and baseline, both p < 0.01, Act-D versus baseline, p > 0.05 (n.s.).