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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 3.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Rheum Dis. 2016 Dec 13;76(5):914–922. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210426

Figure 1.

Figure 1

CCL2 deficiency protects against development of osteoarthritis in mice, and is associated with reduced synovial macrophages and inflammatory mediators. (A) Representative safranin-o stained knee joint sections showing extensive cartilage damage (open arrows) and osteophytes (filled arrows) and (B) quantification of cartilage damage in wild-type (WT, n=5) but not Ccl2−/− (n=7) mice 20 weeks after destabilisation of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery by a blinded investigator. (C, D) Representative immunostains and quantification of F4/80+ (brown) macrophages in the synovium (red arrows) in WT and Ccl2−/− mice 16 weeks after DMM surgery. Symbols represent individual mice and bars denote the mean in (B) and (D). (E) Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses of proinflammatory gene expression in synovium of WT (n=3) and Ccl2−/− (n=3) mice 10 weeks after DMM surgery. qPCR data are mean±SEM. Scale bars 200 μm. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 by the Mann-Whitney U test for (B), (D) and by Student’s t-test for (E). The presented data are representative of two independent experiments with similar results.