Table 3. Causes of death by gender and frailty cluster.
| Variables | Male (n = 1005) | Female (n = 948) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-frail (n = 567) | Pre-frail (n = 383) | Frail (n = 55) | Non-frail (n = 485) | Pre-frail (n = 380) | Frail (n = 83) | |
| Survival status | ||||||
| Alive | 531(94.6) | 346(91.3) | 44(77.5) | 470(97.5) | 356(93.6) | 76(91.5) |
| Deceased | 36(5.4) | 37(8.7) | 11(22.5) | 15(2.5) | 24(6.4) | 7(8.5) |
| Heart diseases | 7(27.2) | 9(19.5) | 4(41.0) | 3(8.1) | 7(24.0) | 0(0) |
| Malignant neoplasms | 17(43.2) | 12(39.9) | 2(16.3) | 4(24.0) | 5(23.0) | 1(11.3) |
| Chronic lower respiratory diseases | 1(2.2) | 0(0) | 2(23.0) | 0(0) | 3(17.0) | 1(17.6) |
| Accidents (unintentional injuries) | 0(0) | 1(1.2) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0(0) |
| Cerebrovascular diseases | 4(7.6) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 1(9.5) | 0(0) | 1(13.3) |
| Alzheimer disease | 1(1.2) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 1(5.0) | 0(0) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0(0) | 1(2.8) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 2(6.4) | 0(0) |
| Influenza and pneumonia | 0(0) | 2(7.5) | 0(0) | 1(1.8) | 0(0) | 1(10.7) |
| Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis | 1(3.2) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 2(32.3) |
| All other causes | 5(15.4) | 12(29.1) | 3(19.7) | 6(56.6) | 6(24.7) | 1(14.8) |