Table 3.

Unadjusted and Adjusted Changes in Health Outcomes after Medicaid Expansion among Childless Adults with One or More Chronic Conditions (n = 79,306)

Outcome	Unadjusted pre-ACA prevalence	Unadjusted post-ACA prevalence	Unadjusted difference in differences	P value	Adjusted difference in differences*	P value
Self-reported general health
Medicaid expansion	2.40	2.43	0.04 (−0.04, 0.12)	0.31	0.07 (0.01, 0.14)	0.03
Non-Medicaid expansion	2.29	2.27
Total days in poor health (days per month)
Medicaid expansion	16.9	16.3	−1.1 (−1.6, −0.62)	<0.001	−1.2 (−1.6, −0.66)	<0.001
Non-Medicaid expansion	17.1	17.6
Days limited by poor health (days per month)
Medicaid expansion	9.8	9.7	−0.92 (−1.5, −0.30)	0.004	−0.94 (−1.4, −0.43)	<0.001
Non-Medicaid expansion	10.3	11.1
Poor physical health (days per month)
Medicaid expansion	12.2	12.2	−0.31 (−1.0, 0.37)	0.37	−0.46 (−1.0, 0.11)	0.11
Non-Medicaid expansion	13.0	13.3
Poor mental health (days per month)
Medicaid expansion	10.3	9.6	−1.2 (−1.8, −0.64)	<0.001	−1.1 (−1.6, −0.60)	<0.001
Non-Medicaid expansion	10.4	10.9
Disabled (%)
Medicaid expansion	63.8	63.5	−1.5 (−4.3, 1.4)	0.31	−1.0 (−3.5, 1.5)	0.41
Non-Medicaid expansion	66.5	67.7
Depression (%)
Medicaid expansion	37.4	33.4	−7.3 (−11.8, −2.7)	0.002	−3.4 (−6.1, −0.64)	0.02
Non-Medicaid expansion	35.3	38.5

*Adjusted analyses account for state and quarter-year fixed effects, age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, and annual state unemployment rate

Note: A negative coefficient (i.e., unadjusted and adjusted difference-in-differences estimates) indicates a decrease in states that expanded Medicaid relative to states that did not expand Medicaid, whereas a positive coefficient indicates a relative increase in Medicaid expansion states