Table 4.
Multivariable linear regression with Maximum Likelihood Robust to Skewness (MLR) estimator* | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Post-traumatic stress | Satisfaction | Decision quality† | ||||
Univariate models‡ | Adjusted model‡ | Univariate models‡ | Adjusted model‡ | Univariate models‡ | Adjusted model‡ | |
Information | −0.04; p = 0.4411 | 0.23; p = 0.0221 | 0.58; p < 0.0001 | 0.61; p < 0.0001 | −0.44; p < 0.0001 | −0.14; p = 0.1461 |
Emotional support | −0.13; p = 0.0137 | −0.30; p = 0.0034 | 0.47; p < 0.0001 | −0.01; p = 0.9182 | −0.56; p < 0.0001 | −0.44; p < 0.0001 |
White | −0.15; p = 0.0154 | −0.03; p = 0.6000 | 0.08; p = 0.1861 | |||
Age (patient) | −0.13; p = 0.0329 | 0.02; p = 0.7699 | −0.06; p = 0.3561 | |||
Age (surrogate) | −0.02; p = 0.6988 | 0.12; p = 0.0703 | −0.00; p = 0.9437 | |||
Education (patient) | −0.02; p = 0.7860 | 0.02; p = 0.8163 | 0.02; p = 0.7816 | |||
Education (surrogate) | 0.02; p = 0.7350 | −0.20; p = 0.0029 | −0.03; p = 0.7035 | |||
SES (comfortable vs. not enough) | −0.02; p = 0.8658 | 0.11; p = 0.2870 | 0.06; p = 0.5621 | |||
SES (just enough vs. not enough) | −0.06; p = 0.5545 | 0.04; p = 0.6828 | 0.09; p = 0.3286 | |||
Decision effectiveness | 0.07; p = 0.2964 | 0.00; p = 0.9715 | – | |||
Death | 0.25; p < 0.0001 | −0.04; p = 0.5143 | −0.00; p = 0.9345 | |||
Stress at baseline§ | 0.41; p < 0.0001 | – | – |
*Slope coefficients for information and emotional support are per the minimal important difference, which is a three-point change in informational and a two-point change in emotional support
†For each surrogate, we selected the decision with the highest score
‡Univariate models consist of separate analyses, with each subscale entered individually as the independent variables. Adjusted models include covariates, with parameter estimates given. High scores on the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) are 22 and above
§Stress at baseline measured by the Kessler-6