Table 1.

Summary of findings from specific experimental reports cited in the review.

Experimental model/disease	Axial diffusivity (λ║)	Radial diffusivity (λ┴)	Histopathological correlation	Reference
Congenitally demyelinated Shiverer mutant mice	Not changed	Increased	Yes, for axial (no axon damage—no λ║ change) and radial (demyelination) diffusivity	(19)
Mouse model of retinal ischemia	Decreased by day 3 after ischemia	Decreased on day 5 and present on day 7 after ischemia	Yes, at day 3 (axonal degeneration) and 7 (myelin fragmentation) after the injury	(20)
Mouse cuprizone model of experimental demyelination and myelination of corpus callosum	Tendency to decrease, but not reached statistical significance	Increased	Yes, for radial diffusivity (demyelination), only tendency for axial diffusivity (axon damage)	(29)
Mouse cuprizone model of experimental demyelination and myelination of corpus callosum	Decreased	Increased	Yes, for both axial (axon damage) and radial (demyelination)	(33)
Mathematical modeling			No, if the signal-to-noise ratio is low, if crossing fibers are present, or if pathology causes a decrease in anisotropy	(34, 35)
Rat model of liposaccharide injection into the corpus callosum		Increased	No, radial diffusivity increase due to vasogenic edema	(37)
Mouse cuprizone model of experimental demyelination and myelination of corpus callosum	Decreased	Increased	No, axial diffusivity did not correlate with axonal atrophy; did not correlate with myelin loss or astrogliosis	(38)
Mouse model of acute spinal cord injury	Increased	Increased	Good correlation in the epicenter and remotely to the changes, axial and radial diffusivity impacted by vasogenic edema	(39)
Mathematical modeling			Cellularity decrease axon diffusivity, have a limited impact on radial diffusivity; vasogenic edema increases radial diffusivity	(42)