. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 4.

Published in final edited form as: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2017 Dec 20;27(3):268–273. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-0592

Table 2.

HR (95% CI) for pancreatic cancer according to opium consumption

Index	Opium use
	None	Low dose opium use		High dose opium use
	None	<81 Nokhod-year	P value	≥81 Nokhod-year	P value
N. of cases (patients)	37	9		8
Person-year	296,781	45,006		11,103
HR (95% CI) (model 1)	Ref.	1.44 (0.68–3.04)	0.337	4.49 (2.00–1.07)	<0.001
HR (95% CI) (model 2)	Ref.	1.20 (0.55–2.63)	0.642	3.43 (1.44–8.18)	0.005
HR (95% CI) (model 3)	Ref.	1.16 (0.52–2.55)	0.718	3.13 (1.30–7.61)	0.011
HR (95% CI) (model 4)	Ref.	1.10 (0.49–2.44)	0.819	2.92 (1.20–7.12)	0.019

COX hazard ratio adjusted for age, sex (model 1); further adjusted for cigarette smoking status (never, ever) and alcohol consumption (never, ever) (model 2); cigarette smoking status was modeled as never, former, or current (model 3); further adjusted for type 2 diabetes mellitus and BMI (model 4).