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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Neurosci. 2018 Jan 10;41(3):137–149. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.12.006

Figure 3. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) increases hippocampal volumes bilaterally in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Figure 3

Compared to healthy controls (n = 32), bilateral hippocampal volume (left hemisphere = left column, right hemisphere = right column) was significantly smaller in the MDD group at baseline (T1; MDD, n = 43). Significant volumetric increases were observed after just two ECT sessions (T2; MDD, n = 36), and after four weeks of treatment (T3; MDD, n = 29) hippocampal volume was comparable in patients and controls. Controls were scanned twice (C1, C2) about four weeks apart and did not show volumetric changes over time. Image adapted from [29], with permission.