Table 1.

Anthropometric and muscle strength characteristics of participants.

	Gymnasts (n = 17)	Nontrained (n = 24)
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Age (years)	20.54 ± 3.51	19.84 ± 0.93
Body mass (kg)	68.26 ± 7.02	73.23 ± 8.49
Height (cm)	170.32 ± 4.16	177.96 ± 4.90
Body mass index (kg·m−2)	23.48 ± 1.59	23.14 ± 2.49
Body fat (%)	7.37 ± 4.27∗∗	11.65 ± 3.16
Arm lean mass (kg)	4.02 ± 0.57	3.77 ± 0.61
Elbow flexion peak torque
Absolute (N)	66.21 ± 13.30∗∗∗	49.97 ± 12.11
Arm lean mass, normalized (N·kg−1)	16.52 ± 2.43∗∗∗	13.36 ± 2.87
Elbow extension peak torque
Absolute (N)	70.15 ± 15.26	64.70 ± 14.31
Arm lean mass, normalized (N·kg−1)	17.42 ± 2.54	17.16 ± 2.97

Significant difference between groups at ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, and ^∗∗∗p < 0.001.