Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of 132 participants and comparison of various values between the non‐frailty group and the frailty group
| Variable | Overall | Non‐frailty | Frailty | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CFS: 1–4 | CFS: 5–8 | |||
| n | 132 | 77 | 55 | |
| Age (years) | 78.30 ± 7.98 | 75.17 ± 6.20 | 82.78 ± 8.16 | <0.001 |
| Duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus (years) | 17.66 ± 11.31 | 16.89 ± 9.83 | 18.80 ± 13.14 | NS |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.13 ± 0.99 | 7.27 ± 1.04 | 6.60 ± 0.93 | <0.001 |
| RBC(×1012/L) | 4.19 ± 0.64 | 4.38 ± 0.57 | 3.91 ± 0.63 | <0.001 |
| Hb (g/L) | 126.34 ± 18.56 | 132.38 ± 17.02 | 117.89 ± 17.28 | <0.001 |
| Alb (g/L) | 39.18 ± 5.01 | 41.73 ± 3.31 | 35.62 ± 4.82 | <0.001 |
| AST (IU/L) | 23.08 ± 9.32 | 22.71 ± 7.16 | 23.58 ± 11.76 | NS |
| ALT (IU/L) | 19.36 ± 11.78 | 20.29 ± 10.75 | 18.07 ± 13.08 | NS |
| Cre (μmol/L) | 81.33 ± 43.32 | 80.44 ± 48.62 | 82.21 ± 36.24 | NS |
| eGFR(mL/min/1.73 m2) | 63.12 ± 26.18 | 65.16 ± 22.11 | 60.26 ± 30.98 | NS |
| UA (μmol/L) | 297.40 ± 89.22 | 295.62 ± 71.38 | 299.78 ± 107.06 | NS |
| T‐chol (mmol/L) | 4.63 ± 1.09 | 4.78 ± 1.07 | 4.43 ± 1.10 | NS |
| HDL‐C (mmol/L) | 1.36 ± 0.42 | 1.46 ± 0.43 | 1.23 ± 0.39 | <0.01 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 3.28 ± 1.68 | 3.30 ± 1.69 | 3.25 ± 1.68 | NS |
| LDL‐C (mmol/L) | 2.63 ± 0.88 | 2.69 ± 0.88 | 2.54 ± 0.89 | NS |
| Non‐HDL‐C (mmol/L) | 3.27 ± 0.99 | 3.26 ± 1.08 | 3.21 ± 1.03 | NS |
| Ca (mmol/L) | 2.35 ± 0.12 | 2.32±0.10 | 2.35 ± 0.12 | NS |
| Bodyweight (kg) | 57.01 ± 11.99 | 59.17 ± 10.94 | 51.64 ± 12.72 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.96 ± 4.43 | 23.47 ± 3.41 | 22.28 ± 5.49 | NS |
| SBP (kPa) | 17.26 ± 2.04 | 17.60 ± 1.92 | 16.81 ± 2.12 | <0.05 |
| DBP (kPa) | 9.11 ± 1.40 | 9.15 ± 1.15 | 8.85 ± 1.67 | NS |
| Medication for hypertension | 85 (64.39) | 51 (66.23) | 34 (61.82) | NS |
| Medication with statin or fibrate | 61 (46.21) | 42 (54.54) | 19 (34.54) | <0.05 |
| Medications for type 2 diabetes mellitus | ||||
| Insulin | 19 (14.39) | 9 (11.68) | 10 (18.18) | NS |
| Sulfonylurea or glinide | 44 (33.33) | 32 (41.56) | 12 (21.82) | |
| Others | 69 (52.27) | 36 (46.75) | 33 (60.00) | |
Data are means ± SD. Data of medication of hypertension, medication with statin or fibrate and medications for type 2 diabetes mellitus are shown as n (%). P‐values were determined by unpaired t‐test. The χ2 statistic was used to examine the frequency of the medications. Values were statistically significant at P < 0.05. Non‐frailty group n = 77, frailty group n = 55. Alb, albumin; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; Ca, calcium; CFS, Clinical Frailty Scale; Cre, creatinine; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; Hb, hemoglobin; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; NS, not significant; RBC, red blood cells; SBP, systolic blood pressure; T‐chol, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; UA, uric acid.