Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of 52 diabetes patients at various stages of chronic kidney disease
| CKD 1 (n = 18) | CKD 2 (n = 15) | CKD 3 (n = 12) | CKD 4 (n = 3) | CKD 5 (n = 4) | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n (%) | 5 (27.78) | 11 (73.33) | 8 (66.67) | 2 (66.67) | 0 (0) | 0.014* |
| Age (years) | 46.3 ± 10.7 | 56.5 ± 11.8 | 66.0 ± 15.9 | 71.0 ± 10.1 | 61.5 ± 3.7 | 0.001* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.3 ± 5.3 | 28.0 ± 7.5 | 27.1 ± 5.2 | 28.1 ± 2.3 | 27.8 ± 3.0 | 0.825 |
| Duration of DM (years) | 7.6 ± 4.3 | 9.0 ± 7.3 | 16.5 ± 12.9 | 15.0 ± 4.6 | 14.3 ± 4.2 | 0.036* |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 11 (61.11) | 9 (60.00) | 11 (91.67) | 3 (100.00) | 4 (100.00) | 0.121 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 129.6 ± 16.4 | 134.6 ± 9.7 | 128.1 ± 17.5 | 137.0 ± 20.1 | 125.3 ± 12.5 | 0.639 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 74.6 ± 9.7 | 77.9 ± 8.6 | 66.9 ± 15.6 | 70.7 ± 11.0 | 63.5 ± 5.2 | 0.021* |
| Cr (mg/dL) | 0.62 ± 0.11 | 1.00 ± 0.16 | 1.50 ± 0.19 | 2.42 ± 0.73 | 4.31 ± 0.80 | 0.000* |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 115 ± 19 | 73 ± 8 | 44 ± 8 | 25 ± 5 | 11 ± 2 | 0.000* |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.9 ± 1.8 | 8.0 ± 1.8 | 7.8 ± 1.5 | 6.5 ± 0.4 | 6.6 ± 0.5 | 0.249 |
| UACR (mg/g) | 185.5 ± 588.3 | 735.1 ± 2282.4 | 794.8 ± 1380.2 | 1,340.3 ± 1972.7 | 2,600.4 ± 843.8 | 0.004* |
| Hb | 13.9 ± 1.7 | 13.8 ± 1.6 | 11.7 ± 1.9 | 12.2 ± 0.4 | 9.8 ± 1.4 | 0.002* |
| Antihypertensive agents | ||||||
| ACEI/ARB, n (%) | 8 (72.73) | 8 (88.89) | 8 (72.73) | 3 (100.00) | 4 (100.00) | 0.138 |
| Beta‐blocker, n (%) | 2 (18.18) | 3 (33.33) | 6 (54.55) | 3 (100.00) | 3 (75.00) | 0.003* |
| CCB, n (%) | 5 (45.45) | 3 (33.33) | 3 (27.27) | 2 (66.67) | 4 (100.00) | 0.022* |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 1 (9.09) | 5 (55.56) | 5 (45.45) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (50.00) | 0.081 |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or n (%). The anova was used for continuous variables; the χ2‐test was used for categorical variables. *P < 0.05.
ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CCB, calcium channel blocker CKD, chronic kidney disease; Cr, creatinine; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; SBP, systolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; Hb, hemoglobin; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; UACR, urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio.