Table 2.
Metabolites showed a significant association with various stages of chronic kidney disease by Kruskal–Wallis one‐way anova
| Metabolites | CKD 1 (n = 18) | CKD 2 (n = 15) | CKD 3 (n = 12) | CKD 4 (n = 3) | CKD 5 (n = 4) | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acylcarnitines | ||||||
| C14 | Not detected | Not detected | 0.003 ± 0.011 | 0.024 ± 0.023 | Not detected | 0.000* |
| C14:1‐OH | Not detected | Not detected | 0.001 ± 0.005 | 0.010 ± 0.009 | Not detected | 0.000* |
| C14:2‐OH | Not detected | Not detected | 0.001 ± 0.002 | 0.006 ± 0.005 | Not detected | 0.000* |
| C16‐OH | Not detected | Not detected | 0.001 ± 0.002 | 0.003 ± 0.002 | Not detected | 0.000* |
| C16:1 | Not detected | Not detected | 0.007 ± 0.016 | 0.018 ± 0.016 | Not detected | 0.001* |
| C16:1‐OH | Not detected | Not detected | 0.001 ± 0.003 | 0.007 ± 0.006 | Not detected | 0.000* |
| C16:2 | Not detected | Not detected | 0.001 ± 0.06 | 0.011 ± 0.010 | Not detected | 0.000* |
| C16:2‐OH | Not detected | Not detected | 0.001 ± 0.004 | 0.008 ± 0.007 | Not detected | 0.000* |
| C3‐OH | Not detected | Not detected | 0.001 ± 0.003 | 0.082 ± 0.132 | Not detected | 0.000* |
| C4 | 0.159 ± 0.095 | 0.300 ± 0.286 | 0.424 ± 0.213 | 0.271 ± 0.072 | 0.730 ± 0.370 | 0.000* |
| C4:1 | Not detected | 0.004 ± 0.017 | 0.001 ± 0.003 | 0.008 ± 0.008 | 0.017 ± 0.034 | 0.008* |
| C5‐DC/C6‐OH | Not detected | 0.004 ± 0.016 | 0.002 ± 0.006 | 0.019 ± 0.017 | 0.015 ± 0.029 | 0.008* |
| C5:1 | Not detected | Not detected | 0.001 ± 0.005 | 0.010 ± 0.009 | 0.011 ± 0.021 | 0.001* |
| C7‐DC | Not detected | 0.010 ± 0.022 | 0.010 ± 0.026 | 0.077 ± 0.054 | 0.034 ± 0.068 | 0.001* |
| Amino acids | ||||||
| Arg | 58.0 ± 23.0 | 57.0 ± 16.4 | 76.2 ± 24.0 | 90.8 ± 14.6 | 65.0 ± 12.5 | 0.034* |
| Asp | 2.59 ± 1.47 | 2.70 ± 1.18 | 3.37 ± 1.99 | 4.33 ± 1.72 | 9.63 ± 7.83 | 0.031* |
| Cit | 21.7 ± 8.2 | 30.7 ± 7.5 | 49.7 ± 13.8 | 69.3 ± 17.8 | 92.3 ± 14.4 | 0.000* |
| Ser | 125.6 ± 25.5 | 100.4 ± 21.4 | 101.0 ± 17.3 | 82.1 ± 25.8 | 81.7 ± 14.9 | 0.003* |
| Trp | 53.1 ± 7.9 | 51.0 ± 9.5 | 46.9 ± 15.1 | 47.1 ± 16.1 | 26.0 ± 1.3 | 0.008* |
| Tyr | 66.8 ± 13.4 | 56.9 ± 10.0 | 59.2 ± 20.4 | 61.9 ± 24.8 | 32.3 ± 2.6 | 0.003* |
| Val | 266.8 ± 35.6 | 269.1 ± 44.2 | 234.7 ± 50.7 | 211.6 ± 21.6 | 187.3 ± 46.0 | 0.009* |
| Biogenic amines | ||||||
| Creatinine | 37.6 ± 10.1 | 65.0 ± 23.0 | 101.3 ± 29.9 | 164.9 ± 74.3 | 341.1 ± 105.4 | 0.000* |
| Kyn | 2.37 ± 0.73 | 3.24 ± 0.75 | 3.78 ± 1.36 | 3.50 ± 0.52 | 5.80 ± 3.52 | 0.001* |
| t4‐OH‐Pro | 0.10 ± 0.07 | 0.15 ± 0.08 | 2.26 ± 7.23 | 13.40 ± 12.48 | 4.68 ± 8.82 | 0.002* |
| SDMA | 0.17 ± 0.05 | 0.21 ± 0.05 | 0.26 ± 0.16 | 0.73 ± 0.57 | 0.25 ± 0.06 | 0.035* |
| Glycerophospholipids | ||||||
| PC aa C38:6 | 106.4 ± 46.3 | 98.6 ± 24.9 | 98.4 ± 26.9 | 69.7 ± 8.4 | 63.3 ± 10.4 | 0.028* |
By Kruskal–Wallis one‐way anova, 26 metabolites showed a significant association with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage change; the mean concentration ± standard deviation of these metabolites are indicated in each stage of chronic kidney disease. *P < 0.05. Arg. arginine; Asp, aspartate; Cit, citrulline; Kyn, kynurenine; SDMA, symmetric dimethylarginine; Ser, serine; Trp, tryptophan; Tyr, tyrosine; Val, valine.