Table 4.
Glycemic control and body weight change of alpha‐glucosidase inhibitor treatment compared with active controls in Asian and non‐Asian patients with type 2 diabetes
| Variables | Asian | Non‐Asian | Difference | 95% CI | P‐value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. studies | No. participants | WMD from baseline | 95% CI | No. studies | No. participants | WMD from baseline | 95% CI | ||||
| HbA1c (%) | |||||||||||
| AGI vs MET | 2 | 273/404 | 0.05 | −0.07, 0.17 | 4 | 159/158 | 0.47 | −0.06, 1.01 | −0.49 | −2.63, 1.65 | 0.560 |
| AGI vs SU | 4 | 75/67 | 0.46a | 0.03, 0.88 | 6 | 151/147 | 0.50 | −0.22, 1.22 | −0.33 | −1.25, 0.60 | 0.486 |
| AGI vs glinide | 3 | 72/69 | 0.07 | −0.09, 0.23 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| AGI vs TZD | 2 | 30/32 | 0.16 | −0.40, 0.72 | 3 | 326/319 | 0.71a | 0.27, 1.16 | −0.04 | −0.61, 0.53 | 0.836 |
| AGI vs DPP‐4i | 11 | 1,189/1,414 | 0.36a | 0.20, 0.52 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| FPG (mmol/L) | |||||||||||
| AGI vs MET | 2 | 273/404 | 0.23a | 0.21, 0.26 | 3 | 128/131 | 0.23 | −0.82, 1.28 | −0.47 | −2.43, 1.50 | 0.504 |
| AGI vs SU | 2 | 32/39 | 0.57 | −0.56, 1.70 | 6 | 151/147 | 1.45a | 0.50, 2.40 | −1.3 | −2.66, 0.058 | 0.058 |
| AGI vs glinide | 3 | 72/69 | 0.10 | −0.49, 0.69 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| AGI vs TZD | – | – | – | – | 3 | 326/319 | 0.56 | −0.43, 1.56 | – | – | – |
| AGI vs DPP‐4i | 10 | 1,158/1,390 | 0.41a | 0.05, 0.78 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| PPG‐1 h (mmol/L) | |||||||||||
| AGI vs MET | – | – | – | – | 3 | 144/144 | 0.13 | −0.40, 0.65 | – | – | – |
| AGI vs SU | – | – | – | – | 5 | 131/129 | −0.09 | −0.91, 0.72 | – | – | – |
| AGI vs glinide | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| AGI vs TZD | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| AGI vs DPP‐4i | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| PPG‐2 h (mmol/L) | |||||||||||
| AGI vs MET | 2 | 273/404 | −0.34 | −1.42, 0.73 | 2 | 97/100 | 0.83a | 0.69, 0.97 | −1.77 | −1.98, −1.55 | 0.001a |
| AGI vs SU | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| AGI vs glinide | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| AGI vs TZD | – | – | – | – | 2 | 190/190 | 0.67 | −2.30, 3.63 | – | – | – |
| AGI vs DPP‐4i | 3 | 526/539 | 0.91 | −0.42, 2.24 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Bodyweight (kg) | |||||||||||
| AGI vs MET | 2 | 273/404 | −0.63a | −0.77, −0.49 | 4 | 159/159 | −0.40 | −1.92, 1.12 | −2.56 | −7.41, 2.30 | 0.218 |
| AGI vs SU | 3 | 60/52 | −1.59 | −6.66, 3.49 | 3 | 92/94 | −2.80a | −3.24, −2.35 | −0.47 | −1.50, 0.56 | 0.277 |
| AGI vs glinide | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| AGI vs TZD | – | – | – | – | 3 | 326/319 | −3.09a | −4.01, −2.17 | – | – | – |
| AGI vs DPP‐4i | 9 | 996/1,231 | −0.83a | −1.15, −0.50 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
a
P‐value <0.05. AGI, alpha‐glucosidase inhibitors; DPP‐4 inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; MET, metformin; PPG, postprandial plasma glucose; SU, sulfonylureas; TZD, thiazolidinedione.