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. 2018 Feb 28;9:360. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00360

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Involvement of Rho-family GTPases and their effector proteins in actin mediated EA host cell invasion. Our work showed the recruitment of Rho-family GTPases, N-WASP and WAVE2 after EA contact with the host cell. None of these proteins alone is required for F-actin polymerization, but Cdc42 cycling between active/inactive states and Rac1 activation are important for EA internalization. RhoA promotes actin polymerization in stress fibers but inhibits this process at EA invasion sites, which abolishes parasite entry and reveals the negative role of RhoA in this process. Dashed lines represent the possible joint participation of Rac1/WAVE2 and Cdc42/N-WASP and the possible negative regulation mechanisms of Cdc42 and RhoA over Rac1 activity.