Table 2.
Urothelial cancer molecularly and clinically distinct subtypes.
| Basal | Luminal | p53-like | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| BASE47 validation as a subtype predictor of basal vs. luminal subtypes (UPK2, SCNN1B, PPARG, TOX3, GATA3, HMGCS2, RAB15, AHNAK2, ADIRF, SEMA5A, CHST15, TRAK1, SCNN1G, MT1X, TMPRSS2, VGLL1, TBX2, UPK1A, GAREM, BHMT, SPINK1, GPD1L, RNF128, CYP2J2, EMP3, GDPD3, FBP1, MSN, MT2A, CDK6, ALOX5AP, PRRX1, SLC27A2, TMEM97, CD14, PLEKHG6, CYP4B1, GLIPR1, PDGFC, PRKCDBP, FAP, CAPN5, PALLD, TUBB6, SLC9A2, PPFIBP2, FAM174B) | Damrauer et al. (2014) | ||
| Signature biomarkers for basal breast cancer; CD44, KRT5, KRT6, KRT14, CDH3 | Signature biomarkers for luminal breast cancer; CD24, FOXA1, GATA3, ERBB2, ERBB3, XBP1, KRT20 | An activated wild-type p53 gene expression signature plus luminal biomarkers | Choi et al. (2014) |
| High EGFR (and its ligands) expression | High FGF3 expression | ||
| Expression of “mesenchymal” markers (TWIST1/2, SNAI2, ZEB2, VIM) | Expression of “epithelial” markers (E-cadherin/CDH1, members of the miR-200 family) | ||
| p63 activation | Features of active PPARgamma and estrogen receptor transcription | Consistently resistant to neoadjuvant MVAC chemotherapy | |
| Squamous differentiation, sarcomatoid features | Enriched with activating FGFR3 mutations | ||
| More aggressive metastatic disease at presentation | Potentially FGFR inhibitor sensitivity | ||
| Shorter overall survival, shorter disease specific survival | |||