Figure 6.

Exos are efficient immunosuppressive agents in CIA by decreasing plasmablast differentiation and generating Breg cells. (A) Effect of 250 ng Exos or 600 ng MPs on inflammation in the CIA model as measured by hind paw swelling, fore paw score and global clinical score until day 30 at euthanasia. (B) Determination of the percentage of CD4⁺IFNγ⁺ Th1 cells, CD4⁺IL17⁺ Th17 cells, CD4⁺Foxp3⁺ Treg cells, CD4⁺IL10⁺ Tr1 cells, CD138⁺ plasmablasts and CD19⁺IL10⁺ Breg cells in lymph nodes from control CIA mice and mice treated with Exo or MPs. (C) Quantification of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 in supernatants from resting lymph nodes (NA), activated with specific type II collagen (bC2) or ConA. (D) Type II collagen-specific IgG2a/IgG1 antibody ratios in sera of CIA Ctrl mice or mice treated with Exos or MPs at the indicated time points during CIA. Statistical analysis used a two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test (A) or a nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's multiple comparison test (B, C, D) with n=15 biological replicates and *: p<0.05; ***: p<0.001 or ****: p<0.00001 compared to CIA Ctrl.