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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 5.
Published in final edited form as: Assessment. 2015 Oct 27;24(4):528–539. doi: 10.1177/1073191115612924

Table 4.

Measurement Invariance by Country Controlling for Gender.

Chi-squared difference testing
Model Reference model χ2 df p Δχ2 p RMSEA CFI TLI SRMR AIC BIC
Nepal vs. Indonesia
  1. Configural 21.300 24 .62 — — 0.000 1.000 1.011 0.023 13710.482 13903.275
  2. Metric 1 29.110 30 .51 7.81 .25 0.000 1.000 1.003 0.035 13706.292 13871.543
  3. Scalar 2 155.389 36 .00 126.279 .00 0.095 0.732 0.688 0.081 13820.572 13958.281
Nepal vs. Burundi
  1. Configural 18.810 24 .76 — — 0.000 1.000 1.018 0.023 11548.118 11736.409
  2. Metric 1 26.515 30 .65 7.705 .26 0.000 1.000 1.010 0.043 11543.824 11705.216
  3. Scalar 2 129.76 36 .00 103.245 .00 0.089 0.816 0.785 0.079 11635.069 11769.562
Burundi vs. Indonesia
  1. Configural 23.360 24 .50 — — 0.000 1.000 1.003 0.025 14710.429 14903.452
  2. Metric 1 30.044 30 .46 6.684 .35 0.002 1.000 1.000 0.033 14705.113 14870.561
  3. Scalar 2 87.034 36 .00 56.990 .00 0.062 0.873 0.852 0.059 14750.103 14887.976

Note. p = p-value for chi-squared difference test; df = degrees of freedom; RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation; CFI = comparative fit index; TLI = Tucker–Lewis index; SRMR = standardized root mean square residual; AIC = Akaike information criterion; BIC = Bayesian information criterion.