| BMI | body mass index |
| CVD | cardiovascular disease |
| CQA | 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid |
| EPR | electron paramagnetic resonance |
| IL-1β | interleukin 1 beta |
| LDL | low-density lipoprotein |
| LPC | lysophosphatidylcholine |
| NADPH | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
| NAFLD | non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
| NO | nitric oxide |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| T2DM | type 2 diabetes |
| TNF-α | tumor necrosis factor-α |