Table 4.
Mean scores (SE) at the time points, differences (SE) between the time points and periods, and effect sizes for mindfulness and well-being.
| Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean difference | Cohen’s d | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (SE)1 | (SE)1 | (SE)1 | difference | difference | between periods | type of effect | |
| t0 | t1 | t2 | t0 to t1 (SE)2 | t1 to t2 (SE)2 | (SE)3 | size4 | |
| Mindfulness | n = 67 | n = 366 | n = 279 | ||||
| FMI Total (1–4) | 3.0 (0.05) | 2.8 (0.03) | 3.1 (0.03) | –0.1 (0.05)∗∗ | 0.3 (0.02)∗∗∗ | 0.4 (0.06)∗∗∗ | 1.0 |
| FMI Presence (1–4) | 3.0 (0.06) | 2.8 (0.03) | 3.2 (0.03) | –0.2 (0.06)∗∗ | 0.4 (0.03)∗∗∗ | 0.6 (0.07)∗∗∗ | 1.3 |
| FMI Acceptance (1–4) | 3.0 (0.05) | 2.9 (0.03) | 3.1 (0.03) | –0.1 (0.05)∗ | 0.2 (0.03)∗∗∗ | 0.3 (0.06)∗∗∗ | 0.8 |
| n = 67 | n = 366 | n = 279 | |||||
| MAAS (1–4) | 2.4 (0.05) | 2.4 (0.02) | 2.6 (0.03) | –0.05 (0.05) | 0.2 (0.03)∗∗∗ | 0.3 (0.06)∗∗∗ | 0.8 |
| Well-being | n = 67 | n = 362 | n = 279 | ||||
| WHO-5 Well-being (1–7) | 4.4 (0.09) | 4.4 (0.05) | 4.8 (0.05) | –0.02 (0.1) | 0.4 (0.05)∗∗∗ | 0.4 (0.1)∗∗∗ | 0.6 |
1Means were estimated by the model.
2P-values multiplied by 2 to adjust for multiple testing (Bonferroni).
3The mean difference between periods was calculated by subtracting the effect in the pre-intervention period from the effect in the intervention period.
4Calculated based on the model estimated mean difference between effect is intervention and pre-intervention period divided by the square root of the variance between participants (intercept).
∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001.