Table 1.

Average k_a and k_d values

Observed average association rate constant (_a) molar/s (m⁻¹ s⁻¹) and observed average dissociation rate constant (k_d)/s (s⁻¹) for each indicated ligand (protein covalently bound to chip surface)–analyte (protein in solution that flowed over ligand-coated surface) pairing across three independent biosensor surfaces are shown.

Ligand (bound to chip)	Analyte (in solution)	Mean ka	S.E. ka	Mean kd	S.E. kd
		m−1 s−1		s−1
SLIT2N	Gremlin	3.99 × 106	2.87 × 105	8.25 × 10−2	1.15 × 10−2
SLIT2D2	Gremlin	5.76 × 106	7.17 × 105	1.69 × 10−1	5.48 × 10−2
Gremlin	SLIT2D2	1.85 × 106	2.03 × 105	2.37 × 10−2	2.26 × 10−3