Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study subjects.
| Total | Males | Females | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 1312 | 588 | 724 |
| Age (years) | 63.9 ± 9.9 | 64.6 ± 9.8 | 63.6 ± 9.9 |
| Smoker (%) | 30.6 | 59.0 | 7.6 |
| Alcohol consumption (%) | 40.7 | 72.8 | 14.6 |
| Obesity (%) | 31.6 | 32.0 | 31.2 |
| Hypertension (%) | 43.1 | 48.6 | 38.5 |
| Diabetes (%) | 5.6 | 6.9 | 4.4 |
| Hypercholesterolemia (%) | 31.1 | 22.1 | 38.4 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 134.2 ± 15.7 | 136.5 ± 15.5 | 132.4 ± 15.6 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78.7 ± 9.9 | 81.5 ± 9.8 | 76.5 ± 9.4 |
| Serum total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 199.6 ± 30.7 | 192.0 ± 29.7 | 205.8 ± 30.1 |
| Fasting blood sugar (mg/dL) | 94.2 ± 15.1 | 96.5 ± 16.9 | 92.3 ± 13.2 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.64 ± 0.64 | 5.63 ± 0.68 | 5.66 ± 0.60 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.67 ± 0.16 | 0.77 ± 0.16 | 0.59 ± 0.11 |
| Serum cystatin C (mg/L) | 0.95 ± 0.19 | 0.99 ± 0.20 | 0.92 ± 0.18 |
| eGFRcreat (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 81.5 ± 17.0 | 81.5 ± 16.6 | 81.4 ± 17.3 |
| eGFR-EPI (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 78.1 ± 11.2 | 77.1 ± 11.9 | 78.9 ± 10.5 |
| eGFRcys (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 76.6 ± 16.4 | 75.8 ± 15.9 | 77.2 ± 16.7 |
eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate. Parametric variables are expressed as mean ± SD.