Table 1.
Total compounds identified in the crude extract of stem part of A. sessilis using GC-MS analysis with its retention time, peak area, and reported biological activities.
| Peak number | Compounds | ∗R.T | ∗P.A (%) | Reported biological activities | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Pentanal <n-> | 2.612 | 1.95 | Antimicrobial | [10]. |
|
| |||||
| 2. | Formic acid, 2-propenyl ester | 2.660 | 1.71 | No reported activity | |
|
| |||||
| 4. | Butyrolactone | 7.868 | 0.69 | Anti-inflammatory | [11]. |
|
| |||||
| 6. | Furfural <5-methyl-> | 9.532 | 1.3 |
Antibacterial Antifungal |
[12, 13]. |
|
| |||||
| 7. | Phenylacetaldehyde | 13.139 | 1.09 |
Antimicrobial Anti-inflammatory Antineoplastic |
[14, 15]. |
|
| |||||
| 8. | 2,4-Dihydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furan-3-one | 17.793 | 8.92 | Antioxidant | [16]. |
|
| |||||
| 9. | 1,2,4-Trioxolane,3-phenyl- | 19.295 | 5.99 |
Antibacteria Antifungal Antiprotozoal Antitumor Immunomodulator |
[17]. |
|
| |||||
| 19. | Phenol, 2-ethyl-4,5-dimethyl- | 25.763 | 5.00 | Antibacterial Anti-inflammatory | [18]. |
|
| |||||
| 21. | L-glutamic acid | 29.262 | 5.04 | Acts as amino acid Fuel for metabolism Anticancer Anti-inflammation Immunomodulator Neurotransmitter |
[19]. |
|
| |||||
| 22 | Glutamine, L- | 32.014 | 0.55 | Anti-inflammation | [20]. |
|
| |||||
| 27. | Neophytadiene | 46.544 | 1.08 | Antipyretic Antianalgesic Anti-inflammatory Antimicrobial Antioxidant |
[21]. |
|
| |||||
| 29. | Phytone | 46.930 | 1.29 |
Antioxidant Anti-inflammatory |
[22, 23]. |
|
| |||||
| 30. | Hexadecanoate <methyl-> | 49.924 | 0.92 |
Antifungal Anti-inflammatory |
[24, 25]. |
|
| |||||
| 31. | Hexadecanoic acid <n-> | 51.394 | 7.21 |
Antibacterial Antifungal Anti-inflammatory Antioxidant Hypocholesterolemic Nematicide Pesticide Antiandrogenic Hemolytic, 5-Alpha reductase inhibitor Mosquito larvicide |
[26]. |
|
| |||||
| 33. | Palmitate <ethyl-> | 52.193 | 5.65 |
Antioxidant Anticancer |
[27, 28]. |
|
| |||||
| 35. | 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester | 55.519 | 0.76 | Anticancer Hypocholesterolemic Nematicide Antiarthritic Hepatoprotective Antiandrogenic Hypocholesterolemic Nematicide 5-Alpha reductase inhibitor Antihistaminic Anticoronary Insectifuge Antieczemic Antiacne |
[29, 30]. |
|
| |||||
| 36. | Phytol | 55.977 | 4.33 |
Antimicrobial, Anticancer Anti-inflammatory Antidiuretic, Antidiabetic Immunostimulatory |
[21]. |
|
| |||||
| 37. | Z-3,17-Octadecadien-1-ol acetate | 57.593 | 4.32 |
Antioxidant Hepatoprotective |
[31]. |
|
| |||||
| 38. | 11-(3-Ethenylcyclopentyl) undec-10-enoic acid, ethyl ester |
57.814 | 2.22 | No reported activity | |
|
| |||||
| 47. | Sebacic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester | 74.948 | 0.77 |
Anti-inflammatory Antimicrobial Protects skin from rash and irritation Restores natural skin humidity level Decreases hyperglycaemia |
[32–35]. |
∗R.T: retention time; ∗P.A (%): peak area concentration.