Table II. Clinical parameters and metabolites and their statistical significance in discriminating GDM and healthy individuals. ROC, receiver operating characteristic; AUC, area under the curve; FC, fold change; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; ChE, cholinesterase; TG, total triglycerides; RBP4, retinol binding protein 4; Cys C, Cystatin C; C16:1 (cis-7), cis-7-hexadecenoate; C16:0, n-hexadecanoic acid; C18:3 (cis-6_9_12), cis-6,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid; C18:2 (cis-9_12), cis-9,12-octadecadienoic acid; C20:1 (cis-11), cis-11-eicosenoic acid; C20:3 (cis-8_11_14), cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid; C20:2 (cis-11_14), cis-11,14-eicosadienoic acid; C22:5 (cis-4_7_10_13_16), cis-4,7,10,13,16-docosapentaenoic acid; C20:3 (cis-8_11_14), cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid; 6,7-diketoLCA, 6,7-diketocholic acid; isoDCA, isodeoxycholic acid.

Clinical parameters and metabolites	ROC analysis		FC	Biochemical pathway
	AUC (95% CI)	p value
Age	0.583 (0.514–0.651)	0.019
BMI	0.651 (0.586–0.716)	<0.001
ChE	0.629 (0.563–0.695)	<0.001
TG	0.581 (0.513–0.650)	0.021
RBP4	0.606 (0.539–0.674)	0.003
Cys C	0.611 (0.544–0.679)	0.002
C16:1 (cis-7)	0.655 (0.590–0.721)	<0.001	1.40	Fatty acid metabolism
C16:0	0.619 (0.552–0.687)	0.001	1.12	Fatty acid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism
C18:3 (cis-6_9_12)	0.600 (0.532–0.667)	0.005	1.12	Alpha linolenic acid and linoleic acid metabolism
C18:2 (cis-9_12)	0.653 (0.587–0.719)	<0.001	1.04	Alpha linolenic acid and linoleic acid metabolism
C20:1 (cis-11)	0.614 (0.547–0.681)	0.001	1.13	Fatty acid metabolism
C20:2 (cis-11_14)	0.641 (0.575–0.707)	<0.001	1.16	Fatty acid metabolism
C20:3 (cis-8_11_14)	0.602 (0.534–0.670)	0.004	1.17	Fatty acid metabolism
6,7-diketoLCA	0.623 (0.553–0.692)	0.001	1.20	Bile acid biosynthesis
isoDCA	0.686 (0.614–0.758)	<0.001	0.95	Bile acid biosynthesis
Alanine	0.649 (0.580–0.719)	<0.001	1.25	Glucose-alanine cycle, glutamate metabolism, glycine and serine metabolism, et al
N-acetylaspartic acid	0.669 (0.603–0.736)	<0.001	1.34	Aspartate metabolism
2-Oxo-4-methylvaleric acid	0.687 (0.618–0.756)	<0.001	1.25	Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation
4-Aminobutanoic acid	0.687 (0.618–0.756)	<0.001	1.09	Glutamate metabolism
Pyruvic acid	0.613 (0.544–0.683)	0.001	1.18	Gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, citric acid cycle, glucose-alanine cycle, et al
Aminomalonic acid	0.676 (0.605–0.746)	<0.001	1.06	–
1-Monooleoylglycerol	0.624 (0.557–0.707)	<0.001	1.35	–
Mannose	0.658 (0.593–0.723)	<0.001	1.17	Galactose metabolism
Threitol	0.661 (0.593–0.728)	<0.001	1.09	–