Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics presented as mean ± standard deviation for continuous or N (%) for categorical data
| Diabetes mellitus | Control | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 94 | 20 | |
| Age (years) | 60.8 ± 11.1 | 57.2 ± 11.6 | 0.72 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 76 (81) | 14 (70) | 0.34 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.7 ± 4.3 | – | – |
| Duration of diabetes, years | 5.1 ± 4.5 | – | – |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 61.6 ± 15.6 | 37.1 ± 4.6 | < 0.0001 |
| Median HbA1c since diagnosis, mmol/mol | 63.8 ± 15.2 | – | – |
| Maximum HbA1c since diagnosis, mmol/mol | 85.0 ± 24.6 | – | – |
| Microalbuminuria, n (%) | 45 (48) | – | – |
| Systolic BP, mmHga | 131.1 ± 15.2 | 127.8 ± 15.5 | 0.93 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHga | 72.3 ± 9.0 | 76.9 ± 10.3 | 0.05 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.3 ± 1.1 | 5.2 ± 0.9 | 0.003 |
| Smoking | 15 (16) | 0 | – |
| Metformin | 83 (88) | 0 | – |
| Sulphonylurea | 32 (34) | 0 | – |
| Gliptin | 10 (11) | 0 | – |
| Other hypoglycaemic | 4 (4) | 0 | – |
| Insulin | 0 | 0 | – |
| ACE inhibitor | 0 | 0 | – |
| Beta blocker | 3 (3) | 0 | – |
| Calcium channel blocker | 10 (11) | 1 (5) | 0.44 |
| Diuretic | 4 (4) | 0 | – |
| Statin | 66 (70) | 3 (15) | < 0.0001 |
| Aspirin | 16 (17) | 2 (10) | 0.43 |
| Serum aldosterone, pmol/L | 306.3 ± 18.8 | – | – |
| High sensitivity C reactive protein, mg/L | 3.5 ± 5.5 | – | – |
| Ascending aortic distensibility, 10−3 mmHg−1 | 1.81 ± 1.16 | 2.78 ± 1.67 | 0.002 |
| Descending aortic distensibility, 10−3 mmHg−1 | 2.11 ± 1.05 | 3.47 ± 1.54 | 0.0002 |
| Pulse wave velocity, m/s | 8.00 ± 2.87 | 7.58 ± 2.11 | 0.74 |
ACE angiotensin converting enzyme, CVD cardiovascular disease
a24 h blood pressure in patients with diabetes mellitus, clinic blood pressure in controls