TABLE 3.

Baseline values and change scores at 4 and 6 mo for primary and secondary outcome variables by treatment group¹

	C-WL group		HP-WL group
	Mean ± SD	P 2	Mean ± SD	P 2	P (C-WL vs. HP-WL)
Primary outcomes
6MWT, m
Baseline	478.7 ± 79.3		494.1 ± 86.1
Change at 4 mo	23.2 ± 54.4	0.09	45.2 ± 61.1	<0.001	0.19
Change at 6 mo	46.8 ± 89.0	0.01	56.9 ± 68.0	<0.001	0.58
Lean body mass, kg
Baseline	51.1 ± 6.2		49.0 ± 7.3
Change at 4 mo	−0.8 ± 1.0	<0.01	−0.8 ± 1.0	<0.001	0.87
Change at 6 mo	−1.0 ± 1.1	<0.001	−0.6 ± 1.1	<0.01	0.20
Secondary outcomes
Body weight, kg
Baseline	103.0 ± 15.6		98.6 ± 18.6
Change at 4 mo	−5.7 ± 3.2	<0.001	−5.2 ± 3.9	<0.001	0.70
Change at 6 mo	−6.4 ± 4.9	<0.001	−6.2 ± 5.9	<0.001	0.92
Body weight, %
Change at 4 mo	−5.6 ± 3.3	<0.001	−5.2 ± 4.0	<0.001	0.77
Change at 6 mo	−6.3 ± 4.8	<0.001	−6.2 ± 5.3	<0.001	0.92
Lean body mass, %
Change at 4 mo	−1.5 ± 1.9	0.07	−1.0 ± 4.1	0.11	0.62
Change at 6 mo	−1.9 ± 2.0	0.03	−0.5 ± 4.5	0.49	0.17
Fat mass, kg
Baseline	51.9 ± 11.9		49.4 ± 13.0
Change at 4 mo	−4.9 ± 3.2	<0.001	−4.1 ± 3.8	<0.001	0.45
Change at 6 mo	−5.9 ± 3.7	<0.001	−5.2 ± 5.2	<0.001	0.68
Fat mass, %
Change at 4 mo	−2.2 ± 1.9	<0.001	−2.0 ± 2.1	<0.001	0.68
Change at 6 mo	−2.7 ± 2.3	<0.001	−2.7 ± 2.8	<0.001	0.81
SPPB total, 0–12
Baseline	10.1 ± 1.5		10.2 ± 1.5
Change at 4 mo	1.2 ± 1.0	<0.001	0.9 ± 1.4	<0.001	0.68
Change at 6 mo	1.2 ± 1.0	<0.001	1.0 ± 1.4	<0.001	0.94
SPPB balance, 0–4
Baseline	3.8 ± 0.6		3.9 ± 0.4
Change at 4 mo	0.2 ± 0.8	0.20	−0.03 ± 0.4	0.37	0.65
Change at 6 mo	0.2 ± 0.8	0.38	−0.03 ± 0.5	0.85	0.55
SPPB gait speed, 0–4
Baseline	3.8 ± 0.6		3.8 ± 0.4
Change at 4 mo	0.05 ± 0.4	0.12	0.1 ± 0.3	<0.01	0.52
Change at 6 mo	0.2 ± 0.4	0.11	0.1 ± 0.4	<0.01	0.82
SPPB chair stands, 0–4
Baseline	2.5 ± 1.0		2.6 ± 1.2
Change at 4 mo	1.0 ± 0.8	<0.001	0.8 ± 1.1	<0.001	0.80
Change at 6 mo	0.9 ± 1.0	<0.001	1.0 ± 1.1	<0.001	0.62
Waist circumference, cm
Baseline	104.7 ± 10.0		102.5 ± 11.6
Change at 4 mo	−4.6 ± 3.7	<0.001	−4.2 ± 4.2	<0.001	0.66
Change at 6 mo	−7.4 ± 3.8	<0.001	−6.0 ± 3.3	<0.001	0.19
8-Foot up-and-go, s
Baseline	7.9 ± 2.3		7.8 ± 1.7
Change at 4 mo	−0.9 ± 1.9	0.01	−0.6 ± 1.3	0.01	0.71
Change at 6 mo	−0.6 ± 1.5	0.01	−1.2 ± 1.8	<0.001	0.26
30-s Chair stands, n
Baseline	11.2 ± 3.1		11.2 ± 2.7
Change at 4 mo	1.1 ± 2.1	<0.01	1.6 ± 1.8	<0.001	0.59
Change at 6 mo	1.2 ± 3.1	0.06	1.9 ± 2.9	<0.01	0.84

¹Between- and within-group differences were detected by using mixed-model repeated-measures ANOVA with baseline values as covariates. C-WL, Control–Weight-Loss; HP-WL, High-Protein–Weight-Loss; SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery; 6MWT, 6 Minute Walk Test.

² P values for within-group change from baseline to 4 and 6 mo.