Table 3.

Regression models examining the association between mental health challenges and opinion toward individuals with mental illness

	Mental illness category	Separatism				Stereotyping				Restrictiveness				Benevolence				Pessimistic prediction				Stigma
Model		β (adj)	SE	t	p	β (adj)	SE	t	p	β (adj)	SE	t	p	β (adj)	SE	t	p	β (adj)	SE	t	p	β (adj)	SE	t	p
(i) Females only:
1a	Depression	−0.05	0.11	−0.50	0.62	−0.50	0.13	−3.70	<0.01	−0.27	0.14	−1.95	0.05	−0.02	0.08	−0.23	0.82	−0.13	0.11	−1.18	0.24	−0.33	0.14	−2.30	0.02
2a	Suicide risk	0.34	0.14	2.48	0.01	−0.14	0.18	−0.81	0.42	−0.10	0.18	−0.55	0.58	0.02	0.11	0.15	0.88	0.10	0.15	0.70	0.49	−0.02	0.19	−0.13	0.90
3a	Bipolar	0.02	0.19	0.10	0.92	−0.06	0.25	−0.23	0.82	−0.01	0.25	−0.04	0.97	−0.01	0.15	−0.06	0.95	−0.19	0.21	−0.90	0.37	−0.18	0.26	−0.69	0.49
4a	Anxiety	0.07	0.11	0.62	0.54	−0.24	0.15	−1.61	0.11	−0.12	0.15	−0.78	0.44	−0.20	0.09	−2.20	0.03	−0.14	0.12	−1.16	0.25	−0.17	0.15	−1.14	0.25
5a	Obsessive compulsive disorder	−0.21	0.44	−0.48	0.63	0.05	0.56	0.08	0.94	0.00	0.58	0.00	1.00	−0.42	0.34	−1.23	0.22	−0.95	0.46	−2.06	0.04	−0.69	0.58	−1.19	0.23
6a	Post-traumatic stress disorder	0.39	0.76	0.52	0.61	−0.23	0.97	−0.24	0.81	0.12	0.99	0.12	0.91	−0.27	0.59	−0.45	0.66	−0.37	0.80	−0.47	0.64	1.76	1.00	1.76	0.08
7a	Alcohol abuse/dependence	−0.29	0.20	−1.44	0.15	−0.21	0.26	−0.81	0.42	−0.14	0.26	−0.53	0.60	−0.21	0.16	−1.31	0.19	−0.27	0.22	−1.23	0.22	−0.38	0.27	−1.39	0.17
8a	Psychosis	−0.14	0.16	−0.91	0.36	0.13	0.20	0.67	0.50	0.33	0.20	1.60	0.11	−0.05	0.12	−0.42	0.68	0.20	0.16	1.24	0.22	0.27	0.21	1.30	0.19
9a	Antisocial personality disorder	−0.39	0.20	−1.99	0.05	0.10	0.25	0.40	0.69	0.33	0.27	1.25	0.21	−0.11	0.16	−0.69	0.49	0.03	0.22	0.12	0.91	−0.36	0.28	−1.31	0.19
10a Co-morbidity
	One screen	0.03	0.10	0.26	0.80	−0.19	0.13	−1.46	0.15	−0.11	0.13	−0.83	0.41	−0.12	0.08	−1.53	0.13	−0.09	0.11	−0.81	0.42	−0.30	0.14	−2.21	0.03
	Two or more screen	−0.07	0.12	−0.57	0.57	−0.43	0.15	−2.83	0.01	−0.06	0.16	−0.35	0.73	−0.18	0.09	−1.92	0.06	−0.14	0.13	−1.12	0.26	−0.23	0.16	−1.41	0.16
(ii) Males only:
1b	Depression	0.41	0.10	4.05	<0.01	−0.09	0.14	−0.61	0.54	−0.20	0.15	−1.32	0.19	0.16	0.09	1.71	0.09	0.08	0.13	0.60	0.55	−0.17	0.14	−1.29	0.20
2b	Suicide risk	0.42	0.18	2.38	0.02	0.52	0.24	2.21	0.03	0.59	0.26	2.27	0.02	−0.04	0.17	−0.25	0.80	0.14	0.23	0.60	0.55	0.11	0.24	0.47	0.64
3b	Bipolar	0.97	0.20	4.91	<0.01	0.03	0.27	0.11	0.91	0.07	0.30	0.22	0.83	0.20	0.19	1.06	0.29	−0.02	0.26	−0.08	0.94	<0.01	0.28	<0.01	1.00
4b	Anxiety	0.42	0.14	2.92	<0.01	0.49	0.19	2.55	0.01	0.01	0.21	0.07	0.95	0.26	0.13	2.00	0.05	0.26	0.18	1.46	0.15	−0.31	0.19	−1.65	0.10
5b	Obsessive compulsive disorder	−1.27	0.69	−1.85	0.07	0.68	0.93	0.74	0.46	−1.09	0.99	−1.11	0.27	−0.75	0.63	−1.19	0.24	−0.59	0.85	−0.69	0.49	0.02	0.90	0.02	0.98
6b	Post-traumatic stress disorder	−0.09	0.69	−0.13	0.90	−0.19	0.93	−0.20	0.84	0.24	0.99	0.24	0.81	0.59	0.63	0.93	0.35	−0.29	0.86	−0.34	0.73	0.98	0.90	1.09	0.28
7b	Alcohol abuse/dependence	−0.02	0.09	−0.20	0.84	0.00	0.12	−0.02	0.98	−0.07	0.13	−0.55	0.59	−0.04	0.08	−0.53	0.60	−0.13	0.11	−1.16	0.25	0.13	0.12	1.10	0.27
8b	Psychosis	−0.23	0.15	−1.54	0.13	−0.02	0.20	−0.10	0.92	−0.12	0.21	−0.57	0.57	0.12	0.13	0.88	0.38	0.12	0.18	0.64	0.52	−0.10	0.19	−0.54	0.59
9b	Antisocial personality disorder	−0.28	0.11	−2.71	0.01	−0.18	0.14	−1.30	0.20	−0.14	0.15	−0.90	0.37	−0.16	0.10	−1.68	0.10	−0.20	0.13	−1.48	0.14	−0.04	0.14	−0.27	0.79
10 b	Co-morbidity
	One diagnosis	0.08	0.09	0.83	0.41	−0.06	0.12	−0.46	0.64	−0.26	0.13	−1.94	0.05	−0.02	0.08	−0.29	0.77	−0.04	0.12	−0.36	0.72	−0.02	0.12	−0.14	0.89
	Two or more diagnoses	0.19	0.11	1.73	0.08	0.01	0.14	0.08	0.94	−0.21	0.15	−1.39	0.17	0.04	0.10	0.43	0.67	−0.09	0.14	−0.70	0.49	−0.09	0.14	−0.66	0.51
(iii) Gender difference in case positives only:
1c	Depression	0.31	0.13	2.26	0.03	0.29	0.18	1.58	0.12	0.05	0.14	0.36	0.72	0.08	0.11	0.76	0.45	0.24	0.16	1.51	0.13	0.02	0.15	0.12	0.90
2c	Suicide risk	0.01	0.22	0.03	0.98	0.52	0.27	1.92	0.06	0.64	0.25	2.57	0.01	−0.14	0.17	−0.87	0.39	0.09	0.23	0.39	0.70	0.04	0.27	0.14	0.89
3c	Bipolar	0.80	0.28	2.85	0.01	−0.01	0.35	−0.03	0.97	0.07	0.39	0.18	0.86	0.12	0.20	0.60	0.55	0.20	0.30	0.67	0.51	0.05	0.32	0.15	0.88
4c	Anxiety	0.26	0.18	1.47	0.15	0.62	0.21	2.89	0.01	0.08	0.18	0.44	0.66	0.33	0.14	2.33	0.02	0.42	0.17	2.44	0.02	−0.23	0.18	−1.28	0.20
5c	Obsessive compulsive disorder	−1.24	0.99	−1.25	0.34	0.28	1.93	0.14	0.90	−1.11	1.18	−0.94	0.44	−0.40	1.23	−0.33	0.78	0.33	1.17	0.29	0.80	0.67	0.67	1.00	0.42
7c	Alcohol abuse/dependence	0.17	0.18	0.93	0.35	0.10	0.24	0.43	0.67	0.04	0.22	0.18	0.86	0.07	0.18	0.38	0.71	0.20	0.23	0.86	0.39	0.36	0.24	1.50	0.14
8c	Psychosis	−0.10	0.19	−0.52	0.61	−0.10	0.30	−0.34	0.74	−0.37	0.25	−1.47	0.15	0.08	0.20	0.42	0.68	0.07	0.25	0.27	0.79	−0.29	0.25	−1.16	0.25
9c	Antisocial personality disorder	0.02	0.15	0.10	0.92	−0.39	0.22	−1.73	0.09	−0.57	0.22	−2.61	0.01	−0.18	0.19	−0.96	0.34	−0.24	0.20	−1.21	0.23	0.13	0.18	0.72	0.47

Adj = Model adjusted for age, marital status, and urban/rural in the multiple regression. For models 1a/1b-9a/9b, the main predictor is specific type of mental illness that was screened positive where reference category being screen negative.

For an example, regression coefficient for model 1a should be interpreted as outcome score difference in depression screened positive compared to depression screen negative adjusted for covariates mentioned above.

For models 10a/10b, the main predictor of the outcome is number of mental illness category screened positive. The reference category for 10a/10b is zero number of mental illness study participants screened positive.

For models 1c-9c, the main predictor is gender with reference category being women. For models 1c-9c, the analysis is limited to the study participants with specific types of mental illness.

For an example, model 1c should be interpreted as gender differences in outcome score, but only amongst men and women who screened positive for depression. Model 6c is not shown due to low sample size who screened positive for that category.