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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Feb 4.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Mol Med. 2018 Feb 4;24(2):221–235. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.12.008

Figure 2. Biosignatures of Nicotine Metabolism.

Figure 2

Nicotine metabolism biosignatures are learned from genotypes G and clinical C data in laboratory studies of nicotine metabolism. Nicotine metabolism is then predicted (Zpred) in existing or new observations using the biosignatures and corresponding model weights. The predicted nicotine metabolite ratio can them be associated with clinical outcomes Y, such as smoking cessation (1’s indicate success). Adapted from [10].