Figure 9.

(a) Synopsis of some of the types of manipulations that have been performed to manipulate cell tension and investigate its effects. (b) Illustration of micropipette aspiration used to increase plasma membrane tension (Reprinted with permission from Ref 213. Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.). (c) Images of an actin wave (circular dorsal ruffle) expanding and subsequently contracting (scale bar corresponds to 25 μm, reprinted with permission from Ref 245. Copyright 2015 Public Library of Science). (d) Image depicting a phase relationship where actin waves are preceded by and appear to suppress FBP17 (a downstream effector of Cdc42) activity, suggesting a negative influence of actin on its own signaling (Reprinted with permission from Ref 182. Copyright 2013 National Academy of Sciences).