Table 1.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies
| Study | Rapid‐acting insulin analogues | PK characteristics INS‐Tmax, min | PD characteristics GIR‐Tmax, min |
|---|---|---|---|
| Plank et al. 22 |
Insulin aspart Insulin lispro |
43.8 ± 3.9 46.7 ± 4.7 |
n/a |
| Heise et al. 23 |
Insulin glulisine Insulin lispro |
100 ± 40 92 ± 38 |
196 ± 73 198 ± 65 |
| Arnolds et al. 24 * |
Insulin glulisine Insulin aspart |
90 (40–120) 90 (50–150) |
186 (155–263) 156 (83–245) |
| Heise et al. 25 † |
Faster aspart Insulin aspart |
62.9 (3.73) 69.7 (3.73) |
124.3 (5.87) 135.2 (5.87) |
| De la Peňa et al. 28 ‡ |
Lispro 100 Lispro 200 |
45 (30–180) 60 (30–180) |
120 (56) 126.6 (49) |
| Homko et al. 29 |
Aspart Insulin lispro |
30 30 |
120 120 |
| Swan et al. 30 | Insulin aspart | 60 | 100 |
| Andersen et al. 26, * |
BC lispro Insulin lispro |
45 (25–120) 60 (25–105) |
109 (65–221) 117 (71–225) |
Values are means (sd) unless stated otherwise. *Values are medians (range). †Values are means (sem). ‡Values are means (CV[%]).
BC lispro, BioChaparone insulin lispro; CV[%], coefficient of variance; GIR‐Tmax, time to maximum glucose infusion rate; INS‐Tmax, time to maximum serum insulin concentration; n/a, not available; PD, pharmacodynamic; PK, pharmacokinetic.