Table 1.
Pathogen distribution of HFMD cases in Shanghai, China, 2012–2016
| Year | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case number | 2131 | 1780 | 2272 | 1610 | 2156 |
| Severe cases (%) | 174 (8.17) | 50 (2.81) | 217 (9.55) | 46 (2.86) | 105 (4.87) |
| Male (%) | 1278 (59.97) | 1076 (60.45) | 1392 (61.27) | 977 (60.68) | 1309 (60.71) |
| Age (median) | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| pan EV-positive | 1571 | 1328 | 1810 | 1276 | 1820 |
| EV71 (%) | 589 (37.49) | 321 (24.17) | 621 (34.31) | 274 (21.47) | 416 (22.86) |
| CV-A16 (%) | 638 (40.61) | 128 (9.64) | 644 (35.58) | 290 (22.73) | 460 (25.27) |
| Untyped (%) | 344 (21.90) | 236 (17.77) | 128 (7.07) | 66 (5.18) | 84 (4.62) |
| CV-A6 (%) | NAa | 584 (43.98) | 390 (21.55) | 605 (47.41) | 831 (45.66) |
| CV-A10 (%) | NAa | 59 (4.44) | 27 (1.49) | 41 (3.21) | 29 (1.59) |
aIn 2012, detection of CV-A6 and CV-A10 was not implemented. The untyped EV in 2012 was defined as pan EV-positive but EV71 and CV-A16 negative cases. Since 2013, the untyped EV was defined as pan EV-positive but EV71, CV-A16, CV-A6 and CV-A10 negative cases.