Table 3.
Serving of nut consumption |
P-value for trend | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Never | <1 serving per week | 1 to < 3 serving per week | ≥3 serving per week | ||
Cardiovascular disease | |||||
Women | |||||
No. of deaths | 412 | 412 | 69 | 18 | |
Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.71-0.96) | 0.65 (0.49-0.86) | 0.55 (0.33-0.91) | 0.004 |
Men | |||||
No. of deaths | 439 | 497 | 124 | 45 | |
Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.80-1.05) | 0.83(0.66-1.03) | 0.90 (0.66-1.26) | 0.411 |
Pooled | |||||
Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.79-0.97) | 0.75 (0.63-0.89) | 0.77 (0.58-1.01) | 0.018 |
All cancer | |||||
Women | |||||
No. of deaths | 156 | 194 | 36 | 6 | |
Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.73-1.14) | 0.72 (0.48-1.07) | 0.43 (0.18-1.01) | 0.022 |
Men | |||||
No. of deaths | 196 | 229 | 57 | 13 | |
Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.80-1.20) | 0.90 (0.65-1.25) | 0.73 (0.41-1.33) | 0.268 |
Pooled | |||||
Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.82-1.11) | 0.84 (0.65-1.07) | 0.62 (0.38-1.01) | 0.029 |
GI cancer | |||||
Women | |||||
No. of deaths | 87 | 99 | 12 | 2 | |
Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.67-1.25) | 0.51 (0.27-0.96) | 0.30 (0.07-1.31) | 0.020 |
Men | |||||
No. of deaths | 128 | 146 | 34 | 7 | |
Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.76-1.26) | 0.87 (0.57-1.32) | 0.69 (0.31-1.54) | 0.296 |
Pooled | |||||
Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.79-1.17) | 0.75 (0.53-1.05) | 0.56 (0.28-1.00) | 0.035 |
Other cause | |||||
Women | |||||
No. of deaths | 199 | 186 | 36 | 8 | |
Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.74 (0.60-0.92) | 0.62 (0.42-0.91) | 0.43 (0.20-0.89) | 0.013 |
Men | |||||
No. of deaths | 243 | 307 | 74 | 26 | |
Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.81-1.17) | 0.79 (0.59-1.05) | 0.85 (0.55-1.32) | 0.231 |
Pooled | |||||
Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.76-1.00) | 0.72 (0.57-0.90) | 0.69 (0.47-1.00) | 0.019 |
aMultivariable models were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, level of education, place of residence, smoking status, opium and alcohol consumption, physical activity, wealth score, diabetes, hypertension, total energy intake, main food groups (fish, red meat, chicken, fruit, vegetable, dairy product, egg, and total fibre), magnesium, zinc and copper.
1 serving = 28 g.