Table 3.

Hazard ratios for cause-specific mortality, according to serving of nut consumption^a

	Serving of nut consumption				P-value for trend
	Never	<1 serving per week	1 to < 3 serving per week	≥3 serving per week
Cardiovascular disease
Women
No. of deaths	412	412	69	18
Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio  (95% CI)	1.00	0.83  (0.71-0.96)	0.65  (0.49-0.86)	0.55  (0.33-0.91)	0.004
Men
No. of deaths	439	497	124	45
Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio  (95% CI)	1.00	0.92  (0.80-1.05)	0.83(0.66-1.03)	0.90  (0.66-1.26)	0.411
Pooled
Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio  (95% CI)	1.00	0.87  (0.79-0.97)	0.75  (0.63-0.89)	0.77  (0.58-1.01)	0.018
All cancer
Women
No. of deaths	156	194	36	6
Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio  (95% CI)	1.00	0.91  (0.73-1.14)	0.72  (0.48-1.07)	0.43  (0.18-1.01)	0.022
Men
No. of deaths	196	229	57	13
Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio  (95% CI)	1.00	0.98  (0.80-1.20)	0.90  (0.65-1.25)	0.73  (0.41-1.33)	0.268
Pooled
Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio  (95% CI)	1.00	0.96  (0.82-1.11)	0.84  (0.65-1.07)	0.62  (0.38-1.01)	0.029
GI cancer
Women
No. of deaths	87	99	12	2
Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio  (95% CI)	1.00	0.91  (0.67-1.25)	0.51  (0.27-0.96)	0.30  (0.07-1.31)	0.020
Men
No. of deaths	128	146	34	7
Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio  (95% CI)	1.00	0.98  (0.76-1.26)	0.87  (0.57-1.32)	0.69  (0.31-1.54)	0.296
Pooled
Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio  (95% CI)	1.00	0.96  (0.79-1.17)	0.75  (0.53-1.05)	0.56  (0.28-1.00)	0.035
Other cause
Women
No. of deaths	199	186	36	8
Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio  (95% CI)	1.00	0.74  (0.60-0.92)	0.62  (0.42-0.91)	0.43  (0.20-0.89)	0.013
Men
No. of deaths	243	307	74	26
Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio  (95% CI)	1.00	0.98  (0.81-1.17)	0.79  (0.59-1.05)	0.85  (0.55-1.32)	0.231
Pooled
Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio  (95% CI)	1.00	0.87  (0.76-1.00)	0.72  (0.57-0.90)	0.69  (0.47-1.00)	0.019

^aMultivariable models were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, level of education, place of residence, smoking status, opium and alcohol consumption, physical activity, wealth score, diabetes, hypertension, total energy intake, main food groups  (fish, red meat, chicken, fruit, vegetable, dairy product, egg, and total fibre), magnesium, zinc and copper.

1 serving = 28 g.