Table 2.

Expected proportional risk reduction based on pre-treatment low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), absolute magnitude of LDL-C reduction, and total duration of therapy

Baseline	Absolute reduction	Duration of treatment exposure					Guideline
LDL-C (mmol/L)	LDL-C (mmol/L)	[expected proportional risk reduction (%)]					recommended treatment51,52
		5 years	10 years	20 years	30 years	40 years
7	3.5	58	68	81	89	93	Yes (due to markedly elevated LDL-C)
7	3.0	53	62	76	85	90
7	2.5	46	56	70	79	86
7	2.0	39	48	61	71	79
7	1.5	31	39	51	61	69
5	2.5	46	56	70	79	86	Yes (due to markedly elevated LDL-C)
5	2.0	39	48	61	71	79
5	1.5	31	39	51	61	69
5	1.0	22	28	38	46	54
3	1.5	31	39	51	61	69	Depends on risk of ASCVD
3	1.0	22	28	38	46	54
3	0.5	12	15	21	27	32
2	1.0	22	28	38	46	54	Depends on risk of ASCVD
2	0.5	12	15	21	27	32

Recommendations for treatment: expected clinical benefit per unit reduction in LDL-C expressed as the expected proportional risk reduction (%). The proportional reduction in short-term risk is based on an expected 22% reduction in risk per millimole per litre reduction in LDL-C over 5 years as estimated from randomized trials and is calculated as [(1−0.78 ^{(absolute reduction in LDL-C in mmol/L)}) × 100]. The proportional reduction in long-term risk is based on an expected 54% reduction in risk per millimole per litre reduction in LDL-C over 40 years of exposure as estimated from Mendelian randomization studies and is calculated as [(1−0.46 ^{(absolute reduction in LDL-C in mmol/L)}) × 100]. The expected proportional risk reduction per mmol/L reduction in LDL-C for any specific treatment duration is calculated as: [(1−e^{(−0.249 + (number of years of treatment − 5) × (−0.0152))}) × 100].

ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.