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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 5.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Nephrol. 2016 Jul 25;12(9):519–533. doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2016.101

Figure 3. Bellini duct plugs with overgrowths in patients who formed calcium stones.

Figure 3

a | Sites of crystalline deposits that form plugged Bellini ducts (BD) with an overgrowth region protruding into the urinary space. b | Endoscopic image of a plug (arrow) protruding from a dilated BD (arrowheads). BD plugs with overgrowths visible by light microscopy and micro-CT from c | a patient with idiopathic hydroxyapatite stones, d | a patient with idiopathic brushite stones e | a patient with ileostomy, f | a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism and g | a medullary sponge kidney. The curved, dotted lines divide the BD plugs from the overgrowth regions.