Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 5.
Published in final edited form as: Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol. 2011 Nov 29;95(1):79–88. doi: 10.1002/bdrb.20344

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Altered expression of the homeobox genes, Shh and Bmp signaling factors in the GTs of Cyp26b1−/− mutants. A and B: Rarb expression is upregulated in the dorsal and bilateral mesenchyme of the UE as well as in the prospective corpus cavernosum penis in Cyp26b1−/− mutants. C and D: Expression level of Hoxa13 is upregulated in the mesenchyme around the urethra in the Cyp26b1−/− mutants compared with control. E and F: Expression level of Hoxd13 is increased in the mesenchyme of the GT. G and H:Meis2 expression level is decreased in the ventral bilateral mesenchyme of the UE (indicated by black arrows) in Cyp26b1−/− mutants. I–L: Shh expression level in the UE is increased in the mutant, both in mRNA (I and J) and in protein (K and L) levels. M and N: Patched1 (Ptc1) expression is upregulated in the bilateral mesenchyme of the UE in the mutant. O and P: Bmp4 expression is upregulated in the bilateral mesenchyme of the UE in the mutant. Q and R: pSmad1/5/8 expression is upregulated in the ventral region of mutant GTs. All images of the GT section are placed ventral side down. Scale bar, 400 μm. UE, urethral plate epithelium; GT, genital tubercle; Shh, Sonic hedgehog; Bmp, bone morphogenetic protein.