Table 2.
Individual- and neighbourhood-level characteristics of the ONtario Population Health and Environment Cohort (ONPHEC)
| ONPHEC Cohort (N = 4,854,759) a | |
|---|---|
| Variable | |
| Individual risk factors at time of entry, 1996 | |
| Age at entry (years) | 54 ± 14 |
| Male (%) | 47 |
| Income quintile | |
| 1 (lowest) | 18 |
| 2 | 20 |
| 3 | 20 |
| 4 | 20 |
| 5 (Highest) | 22 |
| Urban residence | 83 |
| Pre-existing comorbidity | |
| Hypertension | 35 |
| Diabetes | 11 |
| Acute myocardial infarction | 2 |
| Coronary heart disease | 4 |
| Stroke | 1 |
| Congestive heart failure | 2 |
| Dementia | 1 |
| Other personal risk factors from population-based health surveys, 1996-2008b | |
| Marital status (%) | |
| Married (including common law) | 63 |
| Single | 11 |
| Separated, widowed, or divorced | 26 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2)c | 26 ± 5 |
| <18.5 kg/m2 (%) | 2 |
| 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 (%) | 41 |
| 25.0-29.9 kg/m2 (%) | 37 |
| ≥ 30 kg/m2 (%) | 17 |
| Missing | 3 |
| Education (%) | |
| Less than high school | 22 |
| High school | 18 |
| Beyond high school | 58 |
| Missing | 2 |
| Smoking status (%) | |
| Never smoker | 27 |
| Current smoker | 24 |
| Former smoker | 41 |
| Missing | 8 |
| Type of drinker (%) | |
| Regular drinker | 62 |
| Occasional and former drinker | 34 |
| Never drinker | 4 |
| Total daily consumption of fruits and vegetables (%) | |
| Consumed fruits and vegetables less than 5 times per day | 44 |
| Consumed fruits and vegetables more than 5 times per day | 29 |
| Missing | 27 |
| Energy expenditure in daily physical activity (kcal/kg/day) (%)d | |
| ≥3.0 (active) | 22 |
| 1.5 - 2.9 (moderate) | 25 |
| <1.5 (inactive) | 51 |
| Missing | 2 |
| Neighbourhood-level risk factors, 1996e | |
| Mean household income (in Can$ 1000) | 53 ± 16 |
| Percentage > 15 years of age with less than high school education | 33 ± 10 |
| Percentage > 15 years of age without employment | 9 ± 4 |
Values are percent or mean ± standard deviation.
Based on data linkage across health administrative and chronic disease databases.
Among a representative sample of respondents (N≈100,000) to the 1996/1997 cycle of the NPHS or the 2000/2001, 2003, 2005, or 2007/2008 cycles of the CCHS.
Body mass index is the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters.
Average daily energy expenditure of participants in their leisure activities (such as walking, bicycling). For each activity, energy expenditure was estimated using frequency and time per session and the value of metabolic energy cost expressed as a multiple of the resting metabolic rate.
At the Canadian census tract level. Census tracts are small, relatively stable geographic areas that usually have a population between 2,500 and 8,000 persons. The legal age to work in Canada is 14 years. It is a standard practice in Canada Census to collect and report labour force information among those who are aged 15 years or above.