eGFR slopes (median, IQR) before and after AVF/AVG creation in patients with AVF/AVG, in contrast to non-AVF/AVG patients. Slopes were estimated from unadjusted (A) and multivariable-adjusted (B) mixed-effects models. Models were adjusted for fixed (age, sex, race, diabetes mellitus and Charlson comorbidity index) and time-dependent confounders (systolic BP and ACEIs/ARBs use). *P < 0.001. eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IQR, interquartile range; AVF, arteriovenous fistula; AVG, arteriovenous graft; BP, blood pressure; ACEIs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers.